微生物产生的次级代谢产物为微生物药物的重要来源,大多由生物合成基因簇编码的酶蛋白催化合成。研究微生物药物生物合成基因簇的进化有助于了解微生物药物结构多样性的遗传基础以及其生理生态学意义,对新化合物挖掘和新药发现具有指导作用。本文以代表性的聚酮类化合物为切入点,以负责合成聚酮化合物骨架的聚酮合酶(PKS)为例,综述Ⅰ型PKS的进化起源,基因簇在不同微生物之间的传递及同一种微生物内部的基因簇进化机制。 Secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms are important sources of microbial drugs, mostly catalyzed by enzyme proteins encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters. Studying the evolution of gene cluster of microbial biosynthesis helps to understand the genetic basis of microbial drug structure diversity and its significance in physiology and ecology, which can guide the discovery of new compounds and discovery of new drugs. In this paper, the representative polyketides as the starting point, with the polyketide backbone polyketide synthase (PKS) as an example, reviewed the evolutionary origin of PKS, gene clusters in different microorganisms and the same The evolutionary mechanism of gene cluster within microorganisms.