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葛洲坝工程闸基排水孔的某些由碳酸钙和粘土胶结而成的石英粉砂岩,具有膨胀和崩解的特性。本文对其崩解的机理和影响因素进行了研究,发现它们的崩解特性主要受两种作用控制:(1)粘土胶结物质中的蒙脱石和吸附性钠离子的水化作用导致岩石发生“水化-分散性崩解”;(2)裂隙和微裂隙吸附效应引起岩石发生“吸附-楔裂性崩解”。 崩解作用是在岩石失水并引起结构扰动后发生的,该岩石的“崩解临界失水量”在2—3%左右。所以在排水孔造孔后立即注水保护是防止因崩解导致塌孔的有效措施。 此外,还讨论了软弱岩石的“崩解临界失水量”和开始崩解时相对失水率的问题。
Some quartz siltstones formed by cementation of calcium carbonate and clay in the drainage holes of the Gezhouba Project have the characteristics of swelling and disintegration. In this paper, the disintegration mechanism and influencing factors were studied. It was found that their disintegration properties were mainly controlled by two effects: (1) The hydration of montmorillonite and adsorbed sodium ions in the clay cement resulted in rock formation. “Hydration-dispersion disintegration”; (2) Adsorption-wedge cracking disintegration of rocks occurs due to adsorption effects of cracks and microcracks. The disintegration occurs after the rock loses water and causes structural disturbances. The rock’s critical water loss for disintegration is about 2-3%. Therefore, the water injection protection immediately after the hole is made in the drainage hole is an effective measure to prevent collapse due to disintegration. In addition, the “critical water loss in disintegration” of weak rocks and the relative water loss rate at the beginning of disintegration are also discussed.