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文中论述了稀土金属及合金在有色金属材料中的应用。在铜合金中,特别是在含铅黄铜和青铜中稀土金属可改善它们的强度及延性,所以容易深拉。铝导线电缆申加入稀土金属,可具有耐热性及更好的延性。合大量稀土金属的Mg-Nd及Mg-Y合金具有时效硬化性能,且大大提高抗拉强度、屈服强度及蠕变破裂强度。Mg-基合金中加入适量稀土金属,可消除它们的抗拉强度及压缩屈服强度内的各向异性。Ti合金用稀土金属可细化晶粒,得到较好的机械性能及耐腐蚀性能(特别是高温下)。在镍—基和钴基超级合金中及Cr、Nb、V、W等难熔金属合金中加入1％Y,可使这些合金具有优良的耐热性能和抗氧化性能。在Cr合金中加入稀土金属及在表面上涂以含稀土金属的涂料,可防止N—脆变。目前钴—稀土硬质磁合金需用相当大数量的稀土金属。稀土金属有可能使金属粉末和纤维与塑料粘合。它们在金属催化剂中的应用正在增长。含大量Ce的合金具有优良的引火性能,用于燃烧弹方面。纯Y或Y—合金在高真空体系內用作H、CH_4及Ar的除气剂,比Ti优越。正在研究LaNi_5用于H—储存装置及电池内,因为在相当低的压力下它可逆地吸收大量的H。
The paper discusses the application of rare earth metals and alloys in nonferrous metals. In copper alloys, rare earth metals, especially in lead-containing brass and bronze, can improve their strength and ductility, so they are easily deep-drawn. Addition of rare earth metals into aluminum wire and cable can have heat resistance and better ductility. A large number of rare earth metal Mg-Nd and Mg-Y alloy with age hardening properties, and greatly improve the tensile strength, yield strength and creep rupture strength. Mg-based alloys by adding the right amount of rare earth metals, can eliminate their tensile strength and compressive yield strength of the anisotropy. Ti alloy with rare earth metal can be refined grains, get better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance (especially at high temperatures). Addition of 1% Y to nickel-based and cobalt-based superalloys and to refractory metal alloys such as Cr, Nb, V, W makes these alloys excellent in heat resistance and oxidation resistance. In the Cr alloy by adding rare earth metals and coated with a rare earth metal coating on the surface to prevent N- embrittlement. At present, cobalt - rare earth hard magnetic alloys require a relatively large amount of rare earth metals. Rare earth metals may bind metal powders and fibers to plastics. Their use in metal catalysts is growing. Alloy containing a large amount of Ce has excellent ignition performance for combustion bombs. Pure Y or Y-alloys are used as outgassing agents for H, CH 4 and Ar in high vacuum systems and are superior to Ti. LaNi_5 is being studied for use in H-storage devices and batteries because it reversibly absorbs a large amount of H at relatively low pressures.