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旱作物小(土教)沟灌是南阳地区近几年来普遍推行的一种新的灌水方法。这种灌水方法在当地群众中也称为“润浇”,在湖北省一些地区则称为沟(广相)改革。实际上是一种宽垅沟灌(或者称之高畦沟灌)。南阳地区有不少农田的土质比较粘重,特别是在耕地面积较大的低洼地区,群众为了解决易涝易旱和“上浸”的问题,在耕作方法上进行了不断的改进。在没有灌溉条件以前,常采用波浪式的伏(土教)(如图1),垅起的部分称“(土教)”,(土教)与(土教)之间称“墒沟”。其目的主要是排水除涝。墒沟一般都是顺地面坡向开的,(土教)的宽度有两耙宽,也有三耙宽的。(土教)与墒沟是在耕犁时形成的,每次耕翻时把(土教)的起伏处互相交换位置,以便使土层逐渐加深加厚,并可保持土地的平整。有灌溉条件后,这种伏(土教)有很多缺点,象(土教)脊浇不上,而墒沟又积水过多,表土及庄稼并易受水流的冲刷等。如果改为畦田,则土地平整的工作量很大,而且耙土作畦埂后,使熟土层变得更加浅薄,容易加大“上浸”和板结的程度,且对排涝也不方便。鉴于上述各种不
Drought crop small (indigenous) furrow irrigation is a new irrigation method widely practiced in Nanyang in recent years. This method of irrigation is also known as “run pouring” in the local masses, while in some parts of Hubei Province it is called furrow reform. It is actually a kind of wide furrow irrigation (or high furrow irrigation). Many of the farmland in Nanyang are relatively sticky. Especially in the low-lying areas where the cultivated area is relatively large, the masses have made continuous improvements in farming methods in order to solve the problems of drought, flood and flooding. Before the conditions of irrigation, often using wave-style volcano (Ashita) (Figure 1), raised part of the “(Ashita)”, (Ashita) and (Ashita) called “furrow” . Its main purpose is drainage waterlogging. Furrows are generally smooth slope along the ground open, (Earth) width of two rake width, there are three rake width. (T’u-hsien) and T’ien-ditch are formed during plowing. Each time the land is tilled, the ups and downs of the T’ao-Hsiao are exchanged for each other so that the soil is gradually deepened and thickened, and the formation of the land is maintained. After irrigation, there are many shortcomings of this volcano (Eritreanism), such as the ridge of ridges (Euphemism), and the excessive moisture in the furrows, the erosion of topsoil and crops and the erosion of water currents. If it is changed to Tian, land leveling is a heavy workload, and after raking the soil, the cooked soil layer becomes more shallow, the degree of “over-leaching” and compaction is easily increased, and drainage is not convenient. In view of the above various no