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私人和公人都是指个体的人,是个体的人在不同社会关系下的体现。马克思把以私人财产权为核心的个人称为私人,把以平等政治权利为核心的个人称为公人。私人是资产阶级人权的实质,而公人在资产阶级社会中体现了人与人之抽象统一。马克思批判资产阶级政治解放不够彻底。这种不彻底既体现在人作为私人和公人的分裂上,也体现在资本主义社会把私人视为人的真正状态、从而使得公人服从于私人,公人只具有抽象的普遍性。马克思把公人视为人的真正状态,但是这种公人却不是局限于政治领域的抽象的人,而是深入到经济社会领域的相互共享的人。如果说资产阶级社会中人的原型是私人,那么共产主义社会中人的原型便应该是公人。马克思的公人具有重要的规范意义。
Both private individuals and public individuals refer to individuals and individuals as individuals in different social relations. Marx refers to the private individuals as the core of the private individuals as individuals, the equal political rights as the core of the individual known as the public. Private is the essence of the bourgeois human rights, while the public reflects the abstract unity of people in the bourgeois society. Marx’s Critique of Liberation of Bourgeois Politics is not thorough enough. This incompleteness manifests itself both in the divisions of individuals as private individuals and public entities as well as in the true state of capitalism as human beings. As a result, the public are obeyed in private and the public has only abstract universality. Marx regards the public as the true state of human beings, but this kind of person is not an abstract person confined to the political field, but a person sharing each other in the economic and social fields. If the archetypes of human beings in bourgeois society are private, then the prototype of human beings in communist society should be male. Marx’s public has important normative significance.