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近年来,随着汽车保有量持续增加,道路交通事故发生率也逐年上升。汽车安全性能也得到社会各方面的普遍关注。汽车安全性通常分为主动安全性和被动安全性。被动安全性包括合理的车身结构安全性和乘员约束系统。车身结构件变形吸收能量以减轻对乘员的冲击,利用乘员约束系统最大限度地保护乘员并减轻乘员和车内部件发生二次碰撞可能造成的“二次伤害”。汽车被动安全性能是在事故发生时,最大限度地减少乘员的伤害。汽车事故主要有正面碰撞、侧面碰撞、追尾碰撞和车辆滚翻等。美国是最早制定正面碰撞安全法规(FHVSS208)国家。1999年美国NHTSA统计,汽车碰撞事故中,正面碰撞约占49％,侧面碰撞约占25％,追尾碰撞约占22％,汽车碰撞试验重点是正面碰撞。 为了满足强制性碰撞法规,法规要求需配备安全气囊系统,为车内乘员在车辆发生正面碰撞时提供更好的保护。如果没有安全气囊,即使使用了安全带的乘员,特别是驾驶员,在严重的碰撞中,他们的头部、脚部、颈部也会与汽车内饰发生碰撞,安全气囊对降低正
In recent years, as car ownership continues to increase, the incidence of road traffic accidents also increases year by year. Car safety performance has also been widespread concern in all sectors of society. Automotive safety is usually divided into active safety and passive safety. Passive safety includes reasonable body structural safety and occupant restraint systems. The deformation of the body structure absorbs energy to reduce the impact on the occupants, the occupant restraint system to maximize the protection of occupants and reduce the occupants and interior parts of the second collision may result in “second injury.” The passive safety of a car is to minimize occupant damage in the event of an accident. Car accidents are mainly frontal collision, side collision, rear-end collision and rollover and so on. The United States is the earliest country to develop a frontal crash safety regulation (FHVSS208). 1999 NHTSA statistics, the car collision accident, about 49% of the frontal impact, side impact of about 25%, rear-end collision of about 22%, the car crash test focused on the frontal collision. In order to meet the mandatory collision regulations, laws and regulations require an airbag system to provide better protection for occupants in a vehicle’s frontal collision. Without an airbag, even seat belt occupants, especially drivers, collide with the car’s interior in severe collisions with their car’s head, feet, and neck,