天津市初中化学基本要求(试行)中指出:“在初中化学的基础知识和基本技能的教学中,一定要使学生在化学用语,酸、碱、盐、氧化物等各类物质的通性及其相互反应的一般规律,化学实验基本操作这三方面打下扎实的基础。”在《初中化学总复习》(市教育教学研究室编写)第一章复习要求中也明确指出:“熟练掌 The basic requirements for junior high school chemistry in Tianjin (for trial implementation) pointed out: “In the teaching of junior high school chemistry basic knowledge and basic skills, students must be able to use chemical substances, acids, alkalis, salts, oxides, etc. The general laws of mutual reactions and the basic operation of chemical experiments laid a solid foundation.“ In the review requirements of the first chapter of the ”General Review of Junior Chemistry“ (compiled by the Municipal Education and Teaching Research Office), it is also clearly stated that ”proficiency in the palm