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Abstract：Asweallknow，Englishhasitsownrulesofword-formation.ItisundoubtedlythemosteffectiveandscientificmethodtolearnEnglishvocabularybyanalyzingthemeaningofroots.Basedontheviewofembodiedlanguage，thispaperclassifiesEnglishrootstopresentthemtoEnglishlearnersinaregularway.
Keywords：theviewofembodiedlanguage；embodiedphilosophy；Englishroots
摘 要：英語单词的构成有其独特的规律，通过分析词根意义来学习英语词汇无疑是最科学、最有效的词汇学习方法。本论文基于语言体验观，对英语词根进行分类，使其有规律的呈现在英语学习者面前。
关键词：语言体验观；体验哲学；英语词根
1.0Introduction
Learningvocabulary，breakingthroughvocabularyistheonlyway.Englishvocabularyamountislarge，buttheelementsofaword-root，prefix，andsuffixarelimited.ItisundoubtedlythemosteffectiveandscientificmethodtolearnEnglishvocabularybyanalyzingthemeaningofroots.
Englishword-formationhasitsrules，andonlywithagoodgraspoftherulesofword-formation，canwerememberEnglishwordsquicklyandaccurately.ThecorepartofEnglishwordformationliesintheroot，andthemeaningofawordismainlyreflectedbytherootoftheword.TheConciseoxfordDictionarydefinesrootas：“theleastelementoflanguagethatcannotbeanalyzed（don’thavetobeaword），thatis，addingaprefix，asuffixorothermodifiertoarootcanformthebasicelementofaword.”
Basedontheviewofembodiedlanguage，thispaperclassifiesEnglishrootstopresentthemtoEnglishlearnersinaregularway，soastohelpEnglishlearnerstodeveloptheirvocabularylearning.
2.0TheViewofEmbodiedLanguage
Herderfirstsaidontheoriginoflanguage：thereare100000evidenceswhichprovethatlanguagecomesfromthehumanmindandthatlanguageisformedbyhumansenseandperceptions.
LakoffandJohnsonputforwardthefamousembodiedphilosophyonthebasisofreflectingandcriticizingthetraditionalempiricismandmaterialism.Thecoreideaoftheembodiedphilosophyandthecognitivelinguisticsisthatthecategories，concepts，logicandmindsofhumanbeingsareformedbasedonphysicalembodiment.Inbalance，cognitionandmeaningarebasedonphysicalembodiment，soarelinguisticsigns.
Theybelievethatmentalactivitycannotbeseparatedfromphysicalexperience，andlanguage，asarepresentationofthemindandacategorytoolfortheworld，isembodied.Thisistheideaoftheembodiedphilosophy.
Whenitcomestoembodiment，thefirstquestionis：whattoembody.Body！Weuseourbodytoembodyspace，includinglocation，direction，movement，etc.Humancognitionisbasedontheunderstandingofbodyandspace，andgraduallydevelopsalongfromneartofar，fromconcretetoabstract，frombodyandspacetootherfieldsofsemantic.Intheprocessofhumanperception，thebodyandspacearethemainbasisforustoformanumberofotherconcepts.Theyarethestartpointofhumanoriginalthinkingandplayanimportantroleinthecognitiveprocess. Englishrootsfollowtheruleof“takefrombodynearlyandfrommaterialsfar”.Accordingtotherule，wecandivideEnglishrootsintofourtypes：1）physicalembodiment2）naturalworldembodiment3）psychologicalworldembodiment4）sociallifeembodiment
3.0ClassificationofEnglishRoots
3.1PhysicalEmbodiment
Inthispart，therootsrelatedtotheupperandlowerlimbsareabsolutelydominantintermsofboththenumberandtheword-formationability.Itcanbefullyexplainedthatduringthetransitionfromapetoman，humanfreedhandstoengageinavarietyofcomplexlabor，andthusmakehumangreat.Therootsrelatedtolanguagealsohavealargeproportion.Andotherrootsinthispartarerelatedtothebodyorganorotherphysiologicalhumanbody.
Forexample，theroot“bat”isderivedfrom“batre”，whichmeanstobeat，tostrike.“Bat”isaphysicalembodiment.Thewayof“bat”meanstobeat，todebate.Forexample，combatmeans“戰斗”，debatemeans“辩论，争辩”.Thepurposeandresultof“bat”istoweakenandeliminatesomething.Forexample，abatemeans“消除，减轻”.Theplaceof“bat”canbeunderstoodasarena，slaughterhouseandsoon.Forexample，abattoirmeans“角斗场”.
Languagealsoplaysanimportantroleinhuman’ssurvival.Theroot“claim/clam”-basedonlanguageembodiedaspect-means“require，assert，andannounceandsoon”.Forexample：acclaim（称赞、喝彩），declaim（演讲、高谈阔论），exclaim（呼喊、大声喊出），proclaim（宣告、公布）.
3.2NaturalWorldEmbodiment
ThefamiliarnaturalphenomenonmakesarichresourceforthecreationofEnglishroots.Therootsfromthenaturalworldconsistoffouraspects：positionordirectionchanges，naturalchanges，numberchangesandnaturalobjects.
Theroot“alt”isderivedfrom“altus”，whichmeans“high”.Itreflectspeople’sembodimentofspatialpositionchanges，andmostusedtoexpressthemeaningofaltitude，alter，praiseandsoon.Forexample：altar（圣坛、祭台），altimeter（高度计），exalt（提升、赞扬）.
Anotherexampleis“aero/aeri”，whichreflectshuman’sembodimentofthenaturalobject-air.Forexample：aerobic（有氧的），aeronautic（航空学的），aeroplane（飞机），aerial（空气的、航空的）.
3.3PsychologicalWorldEmbodiment
Psychologicalworldembodimentincludespeople’semotionalembodimentandthecognitiveembodiment.
Spair/sper”isderivedfrom“spes，whichmeanshope.Itreflectspeople’spsychologicalexperience.Ifthereisapositivedirectionoftheword，itmeansprosperity，forexample：“pro”representsthepositivedirection，thereforeprospercanbetranslatedas“兴旺、繁荣”.Ifnot，“spair/sper”meansdespairordisappointment， forexample： “de”representsthenegativedirection， thereforedesperatemeans “令人绝望的”， anddespairmeans “绝望、失望”.
Anotherrootisalsobasedonpeople’spsychologicalworldembodiment- psych. Itisderivedfrom “psykhe”， whichexpresspeople’smindorpsych. Sotheword “psyche”istranslatedinto“精神、心灵”， “psychology”istranslatedinto “心理学”andthemeaningof “psychopathic”is “心理变态的”. 3.4 SocialLifeEmbodiment
Thehumansocietyiscomplicatedsocialrelationshipcombinedtogetherwithpeople. ManyEnglishrootsarederivedfrompeople’ssociallife.
Themainword-formationof “matri” （ itexpressesmaternityormother） isoftenassociatedwiththefollowingmeaning：matron（保姆、主婦）， matriarch（女家长）， matrimony（婚姻、结婚）， maternal（母系的、母亲的） andsoon. However， “”patri”havemoreword-formationsthan “matri”. Becauseofmanoccuiesadominantpositioninsocialandfamilylifeinancienttimes， therearemanywordsbuiltbyitoftenreflectthemeaningofstatusornation. Forexample： patriarch （族长、家长）， patriot（爱国者）， patrician （贵族）， compatriot （同胞） andsoon.
4.0 Conclusion
Basedontheperspectiveofembodiedlanguage， thispaperfindsthatthebasicmeaningofawordisgenerallybasedontheembodimentofbodyandspace. Thebasicmeaningofrootcomesfrompeople’sembodimentofphysical， psychologicalandexternalenvironment. Therefore， thispaperdividesEnglishrootsintofourcategories： physicalembodiment， naturalworldembodiment， psychologicalworldembodimentandsociallifeembodiment. ItishopedthattheresearchofthispaperwillhaveapositiveimpactonEnglishlearners’wordsmemory.
References：
[1]Lakoff，G.&Johnson，M.PhilosophyintheFlesh：TheEmbodiedMindandItsChallengetoWesternThought[M].NewYork：BasicBooks，1999.
[2]王寅.体验哲学：一种新的哲学理论[J].哲学动态，2003.
[3]张法春，张小平.英文字根构词研究—基于语言体验观的阐释[M].中国海洋大学出版社，2012.
Keywords：theviewofembodiedlanguage；embodiedphilosophy；Englishroots
摘 要：英語单词的构成有其独特的规律，通过分析词根意义来学习英语词汇无疑是最科学、最有效的词汇学习方法。本论文基于语言体验观，对英语词根进行分类，使其有规律的呈现在英语学习者面前。
关键词：语言体验观；体验哲学；英语词根
1.0Introduction
Learningvocabulary，breakingthroughvocabularyistheonlyway.Englishvocabularyamountislarge，buttheelementsofaword-root，prefix，andsuffixarelimited.ItisundoubtedlythemosteffectiveandscientificmethodtolearnEnglishvocabularybyanalyzingthemeaningofroots.
Englishword-formationhasitsrules，andonlywithagoodgraspoftherulesofword-formation，canwerememberEnglishwordsquicklyandaccurately.ThecorepartofEnglishwordformationliesintheroot，andthemeaningofawordismainlyreflectedbytherootoftheword.TheConciseoxfordDictionarydefinesrootas：“theleastelementoflanguagethatcannotbeanalyzed（don’thavetobeaword），thatis，addingaprefix，asuffixorothermodifiertoarootcanformthebasicelementofaword.”
Basedontheviewofembodiedlanguage，thispaperclassifiesEnglishrootstopresentthemtoEnglishlearnersinaregularway，soastohelpEnglishlearnerstodeveloptheirvocabularylearning.
2.0TheViewofEmbodiedLanguage
Herderfirstsaidontheoriginoflanguage：thereare100000evidenceswhichprovethatlanguagecomesfromthehumanmindandthatlanguageisformedbyhumansenseandperceptions.
LakoffandJohnsonputforwardthefamousembodiedphilosophyonthebasisofreflectingandcriticizingthetraditionalempiricismandmaterialism.Thecoreideaoftheembodiedphilosophyandthecognitivelinguisticsisthatthecategories，concepts，logicandmindsofhumanbeingsareformedbasedonphysicalembodiment.Inbalance，cognitionandmeaningarebasedonphysicalembodiment，soarelinguisticsigns.
Theybelievethatmentalactivitycannotbeseparatedfromphysicalexperience，andlanguage，asarepresentationofthemindandacategorytoolfortheworld，isembodied.Thisistheideaoftheembodiedphilosophy.
Whenitcomestoembodiment，thefirstquestionis：whattoembody.Body！Weuseourbodytoembodyspace，includinglocation，direction，movement，etc.Humancognitionisbasedontheunderstandingofbodyandspace，andgraduallydevelopsalongfromneartofar，fromconcretetoabstract，frombodyandspacetootherfieldsofsemantic.Intheprocessofhumanperception，thebodyandspacearethemainbasisforustoformanumberofotherconcepts.Theyarethestartpointofhumanoriginalthinkingandplayanimportantroleinthecognitiveprocess. Englishrootsfollowtheruleof“takefrombodynearlyandfrommaterialsfar”.Accordingtotherule，wecandivideEnglishrootsintofourtypes：1）physicalembodiment2）naturalworldembodiment3）psychologicalworldembodiment4）sociallifeembodiment
3.0ClassificationofEnglishRoots
3.1PhysicalEmbodiment
Inthispart，therootsrelatedtotheupperandlowerlimbsareabsolutelydominantintermsofboththenumberandtheword-formationability.Itcanbefullyexplainedthatduringthetransitionfromapetoman，humanfreedhandstoengageinavarietyofcomplexlabor，andthusmakehumangreat.Therootsrelatedtolanguagealsohavealargeproportion.Andotherrootsinthispartarerelatedtothebodyorganorotherphysiologicalhumanbody.
Forexample，theroot“bat”isderivedfrom“batre”，whichmeanstobeat，tostrike.“Bat”isaphysicalembodiment.Thewayof“bat”meanstobeat，todebate.Forexample，combatmeans“戰斗”，debatemeans“辩论，争辩”.Thepurposeandresultof“bat”istoweakenandeliminatesomething.Forexample，abatemeans“消除，减轻”.Theplaceof“bat”canbeunderstoodasarena，slaughterhouseandsoon.Forexample，abattoirmeans“角斗场”.
Languagealsoplaysanimportantroleinhuman’ssurvival.Theroot“claim/clam”-basedonlanguageembodiedaspect-means“require，assert，andannounceandsoon”.Forexample：acclaim（称赞、喝彩），declaim（演讲、高谈阔论），exclaim（呼喊、大声喊出），proclaim（宣告、公布）.
3.2NaturalWorldEmbodiment
ThefamiliarnaturalphenomenonmakesarichresourceforthecreationofEnglishroots.Therootsfromthenaturalworldconsistoffouraspects：positionordirectionchanges，naturalchanges，numberchangesandnaturalobjects.
Theroot“alt”isderivedfrom“altus”，whichmeans“high”.Itreflectspeople’sembodimentofspatialpositionchanges，andmostusedtoexpressthemeaningofaltitude，alter，praiseandsoon.Forexample：altar（圣坛、祭台），altimeter（高度计），exalt（提升、赞扬）.
Anotherexampleis“aero/aeri”，whichreflectshuman’sembodimentofthenaturalobject-air.Forexample：aerobic（有氧的），aeronautic（航空学的），aeroplane（飞机），aerial（空气的、航空的）.
3.3PsychologicalWorldEmbodiment
Psychologicalworldembodimentincludespeople’semotionalembodimentandthecognitiveembodiment.
Spair/sper”isderivedfrom“spes，whichmeanshope.Itreflectspeople’spsychologicalexperience.Ifthereisapositivedirectionoftheword，itmeansprosperity，forexample：“pro”representsthepositivedirection，thereforeprospercanbetranslatedas“兴旺、繁荣”.Ifnot，“spair/sper”meansdespairordisappointment， forexample： “de”representsthenegativedirection， thereforedesperatemeans “令人绝望的”， anddespairmeans “绝望、失望”.
Anotherrootisalsobasedonpeople’spsychologicalworldembodiment- psych. Itisderivedfrom “psykhe”， whichexpresspeople’smindorpsych. Sotheword “psyche”istranslatedinto“精神、心灵”， “psychology”istranslatedinto “心理学”andthemeaningof “psychopathic”is “心理变态的”. 3.4 SocialLifeEmbodiment
Thehumansocietyiscomplicatedsocialrelationshipcombinedtogetherwithpeople. ManyEnglishrootsarederivedfrompeople’ssociallife.
Themainword-formationof “matri” （ itexpressesmaternityormother） isoftenassociatedwiththefollowingmeaning：matron（保姆、主婦）， matriarch（女家长）， matrimony（婚姻、结婚）， maternal（母系的、母亲的） andsoon. However， “”patri”havemoreword-formationsthan “matri”. Becauseofmanoccuiesadominantpositioninsocialandfamilylifeinancienttimes， therearemanywordsbuiltbyitoftenreflectthemeaningofstatusornation. Forexample： patriarch （族长、家长）， patriot（爱国者）， patrician （贵族）， compatriot （同胞） andsoon.
4.0 Conclusion
Basedontheperspectiveofembodiedlanguage， thispaperfindsthatthebasicmeaningofawordisgenerallybasedontheembodimentofbodyandspace. Thebasicmeaningofrootcomesfrompeople’sembodimentofphysical， psychologicalandexternalenvironment. Therefore， thispaperdividesEnglishrootsintofourcategories： physicalembodiment， naturalworldembodiment， psychologicalworldembodimentandsociallifeembodiment. ItishopedthattheresearchofthispaperwillhaveapositiveimpactonEnglishlearners’wordsmemory.
References：
[1]Lakoff，G.&Johnson，M.PhilosophyintheFlesh：TheEmbodiedMindandItsChallengetoWesternThought[M].NewYork：BasicBooks，1999.
[2]王寅.体验哲学：一种新的哲学理论[J].哲学动态，2003.
[3]张法春，张小平.英文字根构词研究—基于语言体验观的阐释[M].中国海洋大学出版社，2012.