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目的分析综合医院艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体筛查阳性样本的特征。方法分别用中山、梅里埃、丽珠三种酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂和雅培硒标试剂筛查HIV抗体,筛查阳性样本用蛋白印迹法(WB)进行确认。分析确认阳性、不确定、阴性三组样本的特征。结果2004年1月至2009年3月共检测HIV抗体192636例,其中阳性样本349例。确认阳性组174例,流行率0.090%;2006-2008年显著高于2004-2005年(χ2=11.35,P=0.001),以21～50岁的青壮年男性居多。ELISA试剂均为阳性,S/CO值为(12.89±3.14);雅培试剂均为阳性;WB结果显示,91.38%HIV感染者呈现7条带以上。阳性-不确定组20例,ELISA试剂均为阳性,S/CO值为(4.90±3.40);雅培试剂7例阳性;呈现p24带者18例(90.00%),gp160带7例(35.00%),gp120、p17带各1例(各5.00%),其余带未呈现。1例随访后转阳性,3例随访转阴性。阳性-阴性组155例,心脏病人所占比例最高(26.45%)。ELISA试剂均为阳性,S/CO值为(2.63±2.54);雅培试剂15例阳性。结论HIV感染人数逐年增加;筛查阳性样本中存在一定的不确定、假阳性结果,应按规定程序进行确认。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of positive samples of HIV antibody screening in general hospitals. Methods HIV antibodies were screened by ELISA and Abbott Selenium respectively in Zhongshan, Merial and Cabernet Franc, and positive samples were screened by Western blot (WB). Analysis confirmed positive, uncertain, negative three groups of characteristics of the sample. Results A total of 192,636 HIV antibodies were detected from January 2004 to March 2009, of which 349 were positive. The positive group was confirmed 174 cases, the prevalence rate was 0. 090%; 2006-2008 was significantly higher than in 2004-2005 (χ2 = 11.35, P = 0.001), 21 to 50 years old male majority of young adults. ELISA reagents were positive, S / CO value was (12.89 ± 3.14); Abbott reagents were positive; WB results showed that 91.38% of HIV infected persons showed more than 7 bands. Positive and negative samples were detected in 20 patients with positive ELISA and S / CO values of 4.90 ± 3.40 respectively. Abbott reagent was positive in 7 of them, 18 (90.00%) showed p24 and 7 (35.00%) showed gp160, , gp120, p17 with 1 case (5.00% each), the rest did not show. One case was positive after follow-up, and the other three cases were negative. Positive-negative group of 155 cases, the highest proportion of heart patients (26.45%). ELISA reagents were positive, S / CO value was (2.63 ± 2.54); Abbott reagent 15 cases were positive. Conclusion The number of HIV infections has been increasing year by year. There are some uncertainties in the positive samples for screening, and the results of false positives should be confirmed according to the prescribed procedures.