元明清保密工作元明清三代王朝都采取许多措施,使保密具有较完备的办法、制度。蒙元统治者入主中原后,将全国各族人民划分为四个等级,蒙人为上等,色目人(西域少数民族)为次等,汉人(指北中国汉人、契丹人、女真人等)为下等,南人(南中国汉人)为最低等。这种等级制度,旨在制造民族矛盾,破坏民族团结,巩固自己统治。在任用国家机关人员方面,即根据这四个等级标准划分铨选,凡是官府高官、主官和机要部位官吏,皆由蒙人充任,对汉人尤其南汉人不信任,处处防范。元初大小官府机要官吏,不准任用南人,直到英宗至治二年(1322年),虽有所放宽,但只是从事一般胥吏之职,重要机务不让经其手。 Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties, the three generations of dynasties and Yuan Dynasties have taken many measures to keep confidential a more complete approach and system. After the Mongolian rulers entered the Central Plains, the people of all ethnic groups in the country were divided into four grades, with Mongolian as their first class and Sejuren (minorities in the Western Regions) as the second class. Han Chinese (referring to Chinese, Khitan and Nvzhen) For inferior, South (Han Chinese) is the lowest. This hierarchy is aimed at creating ethnic conflicts, undermining national unity and consolidating one’s own rule. In terms of the appointment of state organs and personnel, that is, according to these four grading criteria, civil elections are divided. All official high officials, chief officers and government officials are all assumed by Mongolians, who are not trusted by the Han Chinese, especially the South Han, and are always prepared to guard against them. The size of the official government officials at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty were not allowed to appoint the South until the two years of Yingzong (1322). Although they were relaxed, they were only engaged in the post of general clerks.