学生有效的学习方式,除了是在教师的引导下进行的以外,更主要的是学生养成的自主学习的习惯和形成自主学习的能力。学生要具有这样的习惯和能力,必须在教师的有意识指导下才能形成。教师的有效方略是:转变教学观念,让学生认识到自学的重要性,教会学生自学的方法,优化课堂教学结构,使学生成为学习的主人,注意课堂环境对学生学习的影响。 In addition to being under the guidance of teachers, the most effective way for students to learn is to cultivate the habit of self-regulated learning and develop the ability of self-regulated learning. Students have to have such habits and abilities, which must be formed under the teachers’ conscious mind. The effective strategies of teachers are as follows: changing teaching concepts, making students recognize the importance of self-study, teaching students how to teach themselves, optimizing classroom teaching structure, making students become masters of learning and paying attention to the influence of classroom environment on students’ learning.