一、介绍金属成形的数值模拟是为了促进金属工业的设计和制造技术。它可以预测应力、应变场和材料的流动。有许多数值方法可用于金属成形过程的模拟(图1)。在这些方法中,有三种方法是经常使用的。—平面应变问题的滑移线法。—切块法(将三维问题简化成一维问题)。—上、下极限理论。但这些方法仅适用于刚塑性材料,而本文所述的各种有限元法是目前广泛用于成形过程 I. Introduction The numerical simulation of metal forming is to promote the design and manufacture of metal industry. It predicts stress, strain field and material flow. There are many numerical methods available for simulation of the metal forming process (Figure 1). Of these methods, three are frequently used. Slip Line Method for Plane Strain Problem. - Dicing method (the three-dimensional problem reduced to one-dimensional problem). Upper and lower limit theory. However, these methods are only applicable to rigid plastic materials, and the various finite element methods described in this article are widely used in the forming process