论文部分内容阅读
一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
1. If you cycle everywhere rather than taking public transport you could your carbon footprint by 0.3 tons a year.
A. measureB. shrink
C. failD. decline
2. —Good morning， madam. I to meet Mr. White.
—Oh， good morning. Im sorry， but hes just left.
A. cameB. am coming
C. have comeD. had come
3. Whichever project was chosen had to be at least technically ， if not immediately profitable.
A. obtainableB. potential
C. considerableD. practicable
4. The scheme is in many ways an excellent one； it falls down is on the question of cost.
A. whyB. where
C. howD. that
5. —Give me some information on American literature， Peter.
—Sorry，
A. I cant make itB. thats not in my line
C. forget itD. thats not the case
6. We are trying to think of a method we can finish our task ahead of time.
A. by whichB. that
C. for whichD. when
7. When I awoke， it was already 8：10. So I got up quickly and hurried into the thick fog， nearly me.
A. blindingB. to blind
C. blindedD. having blinded
8. —What did you say to our manager about your absence for the whole morning？
—I just used my girlfriends birthday as a（n） excuse for it.
A. officialB. attractive
C. convenientD. superior
9. —You wanted to leave early and Mike wanted to leave late？
—Yes， but we split the and left at noon.
A. differenceB. relation
C. contradictionD. principle
10. Simon may not take your advice seriously if you do not it with a warning.
A. uniteB. concern
C. accompanyD. equip
11. Linda doesnt look like Asian， but she speaks Japanese language very well.
A. an； theB. an； /
C. the； /D. the； the
12. —Are you feeling delighted？
—You bet！ Now we have what we only dream of in the past.
A. wouldB. could
C. add upD. pick up
13. —Sam has always had a with words.
—You bet. He can always find the most suitable words to express himself.
A. skillB. method
C. wayD. technique
14. My brother had almost every stamp from 1954 to 2014. He only needed one before his collection .
A. would be completedB. was being completed
C. was completedD. has been completed
15. Once the Nature Reserve， you must buy another ticket to enter again. A. to leaveB. left
C. being leftD. having left
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
The world is changing rapidly and most people are very anxious about it. In fact， I think it might even be stronger and more accurate to say that most people are 16 of what they see going on around them. Technological change and 17 are completely altering many aspects of our lives and it doesnt stop there. However， the big question we all face is how are we going to respond to these changes？ While the specific answers about what to do take time and thought to 18， the best way to approach the future and all of the changes it will bring can be 19 in one word： Confidence.
Personal confidence is one of the greatest 20 we all possess. Certainly some people seem to have much more of it than others but I believe that confidence is a 21 that we can all develop. In some ways， it is 22 the most important skill we can develop.
What I find fascinating is that people with confidence always seem to 23 on top. They seem to 24 the obstacles that stand in their way. Its as if problems and challenges run from the person who has confidence.
I think whats so difficult for most people is the belief that confidence has to be based on having a specific solution 25 but thats just not true. What we all respect and admire is the person who can stand up against 26 difficulties and persevere without an answer.
Heres the secret that most people never get. Lifes challenges are no 27 for the person with unstoppable confidence. While the problems or challenges might seem too big to be overcome， the person with confidence always finds a way to win regardless of the circumstances.
28， lifes challenges run and hide from the person that 29 confidence.
This is a hard lesson to learn. The problems of life seem so big and scary and we often think of ourselves as so small and 30. But thats not the way it is. Thats the illusion that most people 31 into but its not the truth.
The truth is that we are bigger than anything that can 32 happen to us in life. We have the power and ability to get over any obstacle in our path. And the most important tool we possess is personal confidence.
Whatever challenge is 33 in your life， know that its there to help you grow and expand. Use the problems you encounter to help you build your personal confidence. Remember， you wouldnt have the problem if you didnt have the power to overcome it. 34 our personal confidence will allow you to take on 35 you need to in order to fulfill your personal mission. 16. A. awareB. fearful
C. tiredD. sensitive
17. A. innovationB. extension
C. accelerationD. expansion
18. A. reactB. uncover
C. reflectD. respond
19. A. totaled upB. added up
C. summed upD. set up
20. A. qualitiesB. qualifications
C. benefitsD. assets
21. A. talentB. ability
C. toolD. skill
22. A. undoubtedlyB. significantly
C. fundamentallyD. essentially
23. A. come upB. end up
C. go upD. rise up
24. A. paveB. smooth
C. clearD. overcome
25. A. at handB. at present
C. at onceD. at least
26. A. appealingB. overwhelming
C. accumulatingD. damaging
27. A. matchB. fit
C. suitD. difference
28. A. NeverthelessB. However
C. UltimatelyD. Rather
29. A. maintainsB. acknowledges
C. appreciatesD. appears
30. A. dedicateB. deliberate
C. desperateD. delicate
31. A. holdB. fall
C. slideD. buy
32. A. stillB. even
C. everD. otherwise
33. A. currentlyB. occasionally
C. speciallyD. actually
34. A. ExpandingB. Extending
C. StretchingD. Switching
35. A. whatB. that
C. whateverD. something
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
Mini Book Excerpts （节选）
Biography
When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land， the middleaged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it... The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.
J. D.Salinger： A Lifeby Kenneth Slawenski （Random House， $27）
Mystery （疑案小说）
“Youre a smart boy. Bennys death was no accident， and youre the only who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it？” The boy was starting stubbornly at his lap again.
A thought suddenly occurred to Annika， “Did you... You recognized the man in the car， didnt you？”
The boy hesitated， twisting his fingers， “Maybe，” he said quietly.
Red Wolfby Liza Marklund （Atria Books， $2599）
Short Stories
She wants to say to him what she has learned， none of it in class. Some women are born stupid， and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give， and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers， some who they dont want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters wont. Some mothers love so their daughters wont. You Are Freeby Danzy Senna （Riverhead Books， $15）
Humor
Do your kids like to have fun？ Come to Fun Times！ Do you like to watch your kids having fun？ Bring them to Fun Times！ Fun Times！ “amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have， legally， in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend less than half to that within a days drive if most cities？
Happy And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle （Ecco， $1499）
36. If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger， they should buy the book published by .
A. EccoB. Atria Books
C. Riverhead BooksD. Random House
37. The book Happy And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for .
A. young children
B. Disney World workers
C. middle school teachers
D. parents with young children
38. Which book describes women with characters of their own？
A. Happy And Other Bad Thoughts
B. J. D. Salinger： A Life
C. You Are Free
D. Red Wolf
B
How does food affect mood and mind？ The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters （神经传递素） are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving.
Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain， for example， the pain you feel when you stub （踢碰） your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction， from the brain to the muscles. Thats why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim， “Ouch！”
“Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat，” says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production， Chudler says. For example， tryptophan from foods such as yogurt， milk， bananas， and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets， almonds， eggs， meat， and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Dozens of neurotransmitters are known； hundreds my exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin， for example， is thought to produce feelings of calmness， relaxation， and contentment. Drugs that prevent it from being taken again （into the neuron that released it） are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy， nondepressed people， carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. “It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood，” Chudler says. Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. Its found in egg yolks， whole wheat， peanuts， milk， green peas， liver， beans， seafood， and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning， researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects diets. Later， they retested. On the average， memories were better， and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily.
39. The function of neurotransmitters can be best compared to that of .
A. a transport vehicleB. a protective shield
C. a power plantD. a food factory
40. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology intended to find out .
A. how choline is produced out of foods
B. how choline is converted into acetylcholine
C. if the improvement of brainpower is related to choline
D. if the improvement of brainpower is related to proper diets
41. What is the message the author intends to convey？
A. The chemistry of the brain and nervous system.
B. The influence of foods on our food and mind.
C. The functions of neurotransmitters.
D. The importance of a balanced diet.
C
Cars and other road vehicles are the single main source of harmful nitrogen oxides.
Road transport remains the biggest source of harmful air pollution in the EU despite efforts to reduce emissions over the past decades.
A report published by the European Environment Agency （EE.） shows that it is the single main source of nitrogen oxides， carbon monoxide and nonmethane volatile organic compounds.
It is also the second most important source of PM10 and PM2.5 particles.
As well as road transport， manufacturing industries， construction， the residential sector and agriculture are the main sources of air pollution in Europe today， the agency said.
The EEA said， “Particulate matter from sources such as vehicle exhausts and residential heating can affect the lungs and harm people of all ages， but it is known to pose an extra risk to those with existing heart and respiratory problems.”
“Air pollutants are also responsible for the acidification of forests and water ecosystems， and eutrophication of soils and waters—leading to a limited supply of oxygen in rivers and lakes.” A spokesperson for campaign group T
1. If you cycle everywhere rather than taking public transport you could your carbon footprint by 0.3 tons a year.
A. measureB. shrink
C. failD. decline
2. —Good morning， madam. I to meet Mr. White.
—Oh， good morning. Im sorry， but hes just left.
A. cameB. am coming
C. have comeD. had come
3. Whichever project was chosen had to be at least technically ， if not immediately profitable.
A. obtainableB. potential
C. considerableD. practicable
4. The scheme is in many ways an excellent one； it falls down is on the question of cost.
A. whyB. where
C. howD. that
5. —Give me some information on American literature， Peter.
—Sorry，
A. I cant make itB. thats not in my line
C. forget itD. thats not the case
6. We are trying to think of a method we can finish our task ahead of time.
A. by whichB. that
C. for whichD. when
7. When I awoke， it was already 8：10. So I got up quickly and hurried into the thick fog， nearly me.
A. blindingB. to blind
C. blindedD. having blinded
8. —What did you say to our manager about your absence for the whole morning？
—I just used my girlfriends birthday as a（n） excuse for it.
A. officialB. attractive
C. convenientD. superior
9. —You wanted to leave early and Mike wanted to leave late？
—Yes， but we split the and left at noon.
A. differenceB. relation
C. contradictionD. principle
10. Simon may not take your advice seriously if you do not it with a warning.
A. uniteB. concern
C. accompanyD. equip
11. Linda doesnt look like Asian， but she speaks Japanese language very well.
A. an； theB. an； /
C. the； /D. the； the
12. —Are you feeling delighted？
—You bet！ Now we have what we only dream of in the past.
A. wouldB. could
C. add upD. pick up
13. —Sam has always had a with words.
—You bet. He can always find the most suitable words to express himself.
A. skillB. method
C. wayD. technique
14. My brother had almost every stamp from 1954 to 2014. He only needed one before his collection .
A. would be completedB. was being completed
C. was completedD. has been completed
15. Once the Nature Reserve， you must buy another ticket to enter again. A. to leaveB. left
C. being leftD. having left
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
The world is changing rapidly and most people are very anxious about it. In fact， I think it might even be stronger and more accurate to say that most people are 16 of what they see going on around them. Technological change and 17 are completely altering many aspects of our lives and it doesnt stop there. However， the big question we all face is how are we going to respond to these changes？ While the specific answers about what to do take time and thought to 18， the best way to approach the future and all of the changes it will bring can be 19 in one word： Confidence.
Personal confidence is one of the greatest 20 we all possess. Certainly some people seem to have much more of it than others but I believe that confidence is a 21 that we can all develop. In some ways， it is 22 the most important skill we can develop.
What I find fascinating is that people with confidence always seem to 23 on top. They seem to 24 the obstacles that stand in their way. Its as if problems and challenges run from the person who has confidence.
I think whats so difficult for most people is the belief that confidence has to be based on having a specific solution 25 but thats just not true. What we all respect and admire is the person who can stand up against 26 difficulties and persevere without an answer.
Heres the secret that most people never get. Lifes challenges are no 27 for the person with unstoppable confidence. While the problems or challenges might seem too big to be overcome， the person with confidence always finds a way to win regardless of the circumstances.
28， lifes challenges run and hide from the person that 29 confidence.
This is a hard lesson to learn. The problems of life seem so big and scary and we often think of ourselves as so small and 30. But thats not the way it is. Thats the illusion that most people 31 into but its not the truth.
The truth is that we are bigger than anything that can 32 happen to us in life. We have the power and ability to get over any obstacle in our path. And the most important tool we possess is personal confidence.
Whatever challenge is 33 in your life， know that its there to help you grow and expand. Use the problems you encounter to help you build your personal confidence. Remember， you wouldnt have the problem if you didnt have the power to overcome it. 34 our personal confidence will allow you to take on 35 you need to in order to fulfill your personal mission. 16. A. awareB. fearful
C. tiredD. sensitive
17. A. innovationB. extension
C. accelerationD. expansion
18. A. reactB. uncover
C. reflectD. respond
19. A. totaled upB. added up
C. summed upD. set up
20. A. qualitiesB. qualifications
C. benefitsD. assets
21. A. talentB. ability
C. toolD. skill
22. A. undoubtedlyB. significantly
C. fundamentallyD. essentially
23. A. come upB. end up
C. go upD. rise up
24. A. paveB. smooth
C. clearD. overcome
25. A. at handB. at present
C. at onceD. at least
26. A. appealingB. overwhelming
C. accumulatingD. damaging
27. A. matchB. fit
C. suitD. difference
28. A. NeverthelessB. However
C. UltimatelyD. Rather
29. A. maintainsB. acknowledges
C. appreciatesD. appears
30. A. dedicateB. deliberate
C. desperateD. delicate
31. A. holdB. fall
C. slideD. buy
32. A. stillB. even
C. everD. otherwise
33. A. currentlyB. occasionally
C. speciallyD. actually
34. A. ExpandingB. Extending
C. StretchingD. Switching
35. A. whatB. that
C. whateverD. something
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
Mini Book Excerpts （节选）
Biography
When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land， the middleaged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it... The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.
J. D.Salinger： A Lifeby Kenneth Slawenski （Random House， $27）
Mystery （疑案小说）
“Youre a smart boy. Bennys death was no accident， and youre the only who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it？” The boy was starting stubbornly at his lap again.
A thought suddenly occurred to Annika， “Did you... You recognized the man in the car， didnt you？”
The boy hesitated， twisting his fingers， “Maybe，” he said quietly.
Red Wolfby Liza Marklund （Atria Books， $2599）
Short Stories
She wants to say to him what she has learned， none of it in class. Some women are born stupid， and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give， and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers， some who they dont want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters wont. Some mothers love so their daughters wont. You Are Freeby Danzy Senna （Riverhead Books， $15）
Humor
Do your kids like to have fun？ Come to Fun Times！ Do you like to watch your kids having fun？ Bring them to Fun Times！ Fun Times！ “amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have， legally， in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend less than half to that within a days drive if most cities？
Happy And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle （Ecco， $1499）
36. If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger， they should buy the book published by .
A. EccoB. Atria Books
C. Riverhead BooksD. Random House
37. The book Happy And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for .
A. young children
B. Disney World workers
C. middle school teachers
D. parents with young children
38. Which book describes women with characters of their own？
A. Happy And Other Bad Thoughts
B. J. D. Salinger： A Life
C. You Are Free
D. Red Wolf
B
How does food affect mood and mind？ The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters （神经传递素） are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving.
Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain， for example， the pain you feel when you stub （踢碰） your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction， from the brain to the muscles. Thats why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim， “Ouch！”
“Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat，” says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production， Chudler says. For example， tryptophan from foods such as yogurt， milk， bananas， and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets， almonds， eggs， meat， and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Dozens of neurotransmitters are known； hundreds my exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin， for example， is thought to produce feelings of calmness， relaxation， and contentment. Drugs that prevent it from being taken again （into the neuron that released it） are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy， nondepressed people， carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. “It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood，” Chudler says. Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. Its found in egg yolks， whole wheat， peanuts， milk， green peas， liver， beans， seafood， and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning， researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects diets. Later， they retested. On the average， memories were better， and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily.
39. The function of neurotransmitters can be best compared to that of .
A. a transport vehicleB. a protective shield
C. a power plantD. a food factory
40. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology intended to find out .
A. how choline is produced out of foods
B. how choline is converted into acetylcholine
C. if the improvement of brainpower is related to choline
D. if the improvement of brainpower is related to proper diets
41. What is the message the author intends to convey？
A. The chemistry of the brain and nervous system.
B. The influence of foods on our food and mind.
C. The functions of neurotransmitters.
D. The importance of a balanced diet.
C
Cars and other road vehicles are the single main source of harmful nitrogen oxides.
Road transport remains the biggest source of harmful air pollution in the EU despite efforts to reduce emissions over the past decades.
A report published by the European Environment Agency （EE.） shows that it is the single main source of nitrogen oxides， carbon monoxide and nonmethane volatile organic compounds.
It is also the second most important source of PM10 and PM2.5 particles.
As well as road transport， manufacturing industries， construction， the residential sector and agriculture are the main sources of air pollution in Europe today， the agency said.
The EEA said， “Particulate matter from sources such as vehicle exhausts and residential heating can affect the lungs and harm people of all ages， but it is known to pose an extra risk to those with existing heart and respiratory problems.”
“Air pollutants are also responsible for the acidification of forests and water ecosystems， and eutrophication of soils and waters—leading to a limited supply of oxygen in rivers and lakes.” A spokesperson for campaign group T