美国西北大学伊凡斯顿医院的斯普林额(Springer)报导了一种检查乳房癌的皮肤试验。该试验与通常用于检查结核病的试验相类似,用于检查各期乳房癌有高度的可靠性,并能鉴别良性和恶性肿瘤。斯普林额在研究人类血型NM抗原时发现了乳房癌皮肤试验。这些NM抗原是红细胞膜上的标记蛋白质,它们构成了A-B-O血型系后的第二大血型系。 Springer of Northwestern University’s Evanston Hospital reported a skin test to examine breast cancer. This test is similar to the ones commonly used for tuberculosis tests. It is used to examine the high degree of reliability of breast cancer in each stage and to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. Springer found a breast cancer skin test when studying human blood group NM antigens. These NM antigens are marker proteins on the erythrocyte membrane and they constitute the second largest blood group after the A-B-O blood group.