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以湖南祁阳中国农业科学院红壤实验站的“生土熟化”长期定位试验(1982—2007年)为基础,运用数值化理论综合评价分析了红壤地区3种母质土壤(花岗岩母质土壤、第四纪红壤、紫色砂页岩土壤)在6种熟化措施(不施肥,CK;不施肥+秸秆还田,CKR;施氮磷钾化肥,NPK;施氮磷钾化肥+秸秆还田,NPKR;施有机物稻草,M;施有机物稻草+秸秆还田,MR)下土壤肥力的变化特征.结果表明:综合肥力指数(IFI)与作物相对产量显著相关,能较好地反映土壤肥力状况.3种土壤IFI均表现为NPK,NPKR>M,MR>CK,CKR,且均以NPKR处理最高,分别达到了0.77(花岗岩母质土壤)、0.71(第四纪红壤)和0.71(紫色砂页岩土壤),秸秆还田比秸秆不还田处理提高了6.72%～18.83%.3种母质土壤IFI均在熟化7年左右出现一个拐点;IFI的年增加速率表现为:紫色砂页岩土壤(0.016a-1)>第四纪红壤(0.011a-1)>花岗岩母质土壤(0.006a-1).有机无机肥配施和秸秆还田是快速提高南方红壤地区土壤肥力的重要措施.
Based on the “long-term soil-curing” experiment (1982-2007) conducted by the Red Soil Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Qiyang, Hunan Province, three kinds of parent soil (granite parent soil, Ji red soil, purple sand shale soil) in 6 kinds of maturing measures (no fertilization, CK; no fertilizer + straw, CKR; NPK fertilizers, NPK; NPK fertilizers + straw, NPKR; Organic straw, M, organic straw + straw returning, MR) .The results showed that the IFI was significantly correlated with the relative crop yield, which could well reflect the status of soil fertility.The three kinds of soil IFI showed NPK, NPKR> M, MR> CK and CKR, respectively, and were highest in NPKR treatment, reaching 0.77 (granite parent soil), 0.71 (Quaternary red soil) and 0.71 (purple sand shale soil) Straw returning increased by 6.72% ~ 18.83% compared with non-return straw treatment. IFIs of three kinds of parent soil showed an inflection point after about 7 years of ripening. IFI annual growth rate was as follows: purple sand shale soil (0.016a-1 )> Quaternary red soil (0.011a-1)> granite parent soil (0.006a-1). The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers and straw Returning straw to soil is an important measure to rapidly increase the soil fertility in red soil region of South China.