先天性结核比较罕见,且不易早期诊断,故预后不良。本病自1892年Schmoral报告以来,至今有近200例,日本1908～1978年共报告12例,全部死亡。本文报告1例生后17天的女婴,诊断为粟粒性结核、结核性脑膜炎,经抢救治疗而愈且无后遗症发生。病例报告17天女孩,主诉咳嗽,体重不增。1981年10月30日出生,孕40周,顺产,第1胎,出生时体重3,650g。因咳嗽、吸吮力差两天来诊。双亲健康,母亲否认结核病史。查体:呼吸平稳,无紫绀,发育营养中等,皮色正常无黄染,未触及浅表淋巴结,前囟1横指宽平坦,咽不红,颈软,心肺叩听诊未见异常,腹软平坦,肝脾未触及。胸部X线摄片见两肺野有粟粒状阴影。血常规,红细胞378万/mm~3, Congenital tuberculosis is relatively rare, and not easy to early diagnosis, so the prognosis is poor. Since the Schmolral report in 1892, the disease has nearly 200 cases so far. Japan reported a total of 12 cases between 1908 and 1978, all of whom died. This article reports a case of 17-day-old baby girl diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, the more the treatment of salvage and no sequelae. Case report 17-day girl, complained of cough, weight does not increase. October 30, 1981 born, 40 weeks pregnant, natural delivery, the first child, birth weight 3,650 g. Due to cough, sucking power poor two days to diagnosis. Parents are healthy and her mother denies a history of tuberculosis. Physical examination: stable breathing, no cyanosis, moderate developmental nutrition, normal skin color without yellow dye, untreated superficial lymph nodes, anterior fontanelle horizontal and broad flat, pharynx red, neck soft, no abnormal cardiopulmonary auscultation, abdominal soft Flat, liver and spleen not touched. Chest X-ray see the two lung field miliary shadow. Blood routine, erythrocyte 3780000 / mm ~ 3,