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从现象出发在科学研究的出发点问题上,历来存在着对立的两种:一种是“从纯粹思维出发”(《马克思恩格斯选集》第2卷第120页),即从观念出发,从现成的结论出发,一种是“从最顽强的事实出发”(同上),即从实际出发,从客观存在的现象出发。前者是唯心主义的研究方法,后者是唯物主义的研究方法。思想政治工作的科学理论,是思想政治工作一般的本质和规律的反映。而思想政治工作的本质和规律,只能存在于思想政治工作本身的现象及现象间的联系之中,不可能存在于别的什么地方。因此,
From the Phenomenon On the starting point of scientific research, there are always two types of opposites: one is “starting from pure thinking” (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 2, p. 120), starting from the concept, The starting point of the conclusion is that one is “starting from the most tenacious facts” (ibid.), Starting from the reality and proceeding from the objective phenomena. The former is an idealistic research method, the latter is a materialist research methods. The scientific theory of ideological and political work is a reflection of the general nature and laws of ideological and political work. However, the essence and laws of ideological and political work can only exist in the phenomena and phenomena in the ideological and political work itself, and can not exist anywhere else. therefore,