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目的了解昌吉地区食用菌中重金属汞和镉含量的情况,保障食用菌安全性。方法在昌吉地区的超市、农贸市场等地随机采集7种不同的食用菌,依据国标(GB5009.17食品中汞的检测第一法;GB5009.15食品中镉的检测第一法)测定其中汞和镉的含量,同时采用单因子污染指数法和综合因子污染指数法对食用菌的污染程度进行评价。结果 210种样品中汞超标率0.95%,镉超标率2.38%,且同种食用菌对不同重金属的富集能力有差异,黑平菇、鸡腿菇、平菇、金针菇、圆菇和杏鲍菇的富集趋势均为镉>总汞;而香菇的富集趋势则为总汞>镉。分级结果为金针菇、黑平菇、鸡腿菇、平菇、杏鲍菇为一级产品;圆菇为二级产品;香菇为三级产品。不同采样点中汞污染最高的是源自农贸市场的食用菌,平均值为0.054 mg/kg;镉污染最高的是市场,平均值为0.059 mg/kg。结论昌吉大部分地区重金属污染较为严重,可能是食用菌生长环境中重金属含量较高所致,因此需要从栽培源头加大控制防范力度。
Objective To understand the content of heavy metal mercury and cadmium in edible mushrooms in Changji, so as to ensure the safety of edible mushrooms. Methods Seven different kinds of edible fungi were randomly collected in the supermarkets and farmers’ markets in Changji. The mercury content was determined according to GB (GB5009.17 first method for determination of mercury in food and first method for determination of cadmium in food by GB5009.15) And cadmium content. At the same time, the pollution degree of edible fungi was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method and the comprehensive factor pollution index method. Results The 210 mercury samples exceeded the standard of 0.95% and the cadmium exceeded the standard of 2.38%, and the same edible fungus had different enrichment ability for different heavy metals. Black mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Mushroom and Pleurotus eryngii Enrichment trend are all cadmium> total mercury; and mushrooms enrichment trend is total mercury> cadmium. Grading results for the Flammulina, black mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii as a product; Mushroom for the two products; mushrooms for the three products. The highest levels of mercury contamination in different sampling sites were edible fungi originated from farmers’ markets with an average value of 0.054 mg / kg. The market with the highest levels of cadmium pollution was an average of 0.059 mg / kg. Conclusion The heavy metal pollution in most parts of Changji is more serious, which may be caused by the higher content of heavy metals in the growth environment of edible mushrooms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the intensity of control and prevention from the source of cultivation.