Competition and monopoly of Chinese rural groundwater market:structure and determinants

来源 :Ecological Economy | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:xiangcool2
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
China is facing severe problem of water scarcity.Agricultural sector,the main consumer of water resource,has remarkably changed its institutions on water resource deployment,due to heavy environmental pressure.As a new and spontaneous institution,groundwater market has developed rapidly in northern China,and has impacts on waterusing behaviors and benefits of farmers.Using household survey data from Hebei and Henan in 2007,this paper attempts to pin down the development and operating of groundwater market in rural China.We focus on the monopoly and competition in the market.Empirical analysis reveals that Chinese farmers are trying to make rational decision when they compete with others in groundwater market.In general,monopoly is not fierce in Chinese rural groundwater market,with great variations among different villages and even different tubewells within one village.Tubewell costs,regulation and the density of tubewells are the main determinants that affect monopoly level of groundwater market.To make water market benefit more and more farmers of low income,corresponding policies are needed to modify its development in the future. China is facing severe problem of water scarcity.Agricultural sector, the main consumer of water resource, has remarkably changed its institutions on water resource deployment, due to heavy environmental pressure. As a new and spontaneous institution, groundwater market has developed rapidly in northern China , and has impacts on waterusing behaviors and benefits of farmers.Using household survey data from Hebei and Henan in 2007, this paper attempts to pin down the development and operating of groundwater market in rural China.We focus on the monopoly and competition in the market .Empirical analysis reveals that Chinese farmers are trying to make rational decision when they compete with others in groundwater market.In general, monopoly is not fierce in Chinese rural groundwater market, with great variations among different villages and even different tubewells within one village. costs, regulation and the density of tubewells are the main determinants that affect monopoly level of ground water market. make water market benefit more and more farmers of low income, corresponding policies are needed to modify its development in the future.
其他文献
反问句(也叫反诘句、诘问句)运用疑问的形式和语气来表达肯定或否定的意思,答案就在反问之中,能起到强调的作用。但是,有时候反问句的后面紧跟着与之密切相关的语句,用以说明
一次偶然的机会,我有幸到基层某学校听了几节音乐课,发现每节课里都有几个“被遗忘的”孩子。他们或呆坐墙角,独处一隅;或无所事事;在座位上转来转去。当这些孩子发觉我关注
课堂教学节奏是指课堂教学过程中具有一定规律性和重复性的教学变化形式 ,它是解决某些课堂教学问题的一种有效方法和手段。课堂教学是一门科学 ,又是一门艺术 ,在实际的教学
编辑同志:我的孩子5岁了,特别爱听相声,有时也爱耍贫嘴,奶奶说这是听相声造成的。您说小孩子可不可以常听相声?河南赵玉理赵玉理同志:许多孩子对相声很喜爱,对其中精彩的片
教学实践证明,恰当的提问是组织和引导教学对话的重要手段,因为恰当的提问可以诱发、促进学生的自主活动,可以调节学生的思维活动,可以检查已达到的教学效果,可以使学生意识
年末将至,学校教师将要引导学生进行学期复习。为此,本期我们特约采编了有关数学单册复习考试及相关的教学内容,例如,“复习课的组织引导”、“复习课的开放题教学”、“百分
如果有人告诉你,气体能导电,你一定不会相信。但这个现象确实存在。例如五光十色的霓虹灯,就是利用气体导电的,现在我们来做一个气体导电的实验吧! 一、实验材料大号电池一
1.没有透镜的光学显微镜近场扫描光学显微镜(NSOM)近年来取得了迅速发展,这种设备所基于的原理和常规的光学显微镜完全不同。该设备不需透镜进行成像,并且具有很高的分辨率,
为了保护新一代儿童身心的健康发育,对待儿童不能用古老的、传统的方式来养育了。比如说,婴幼儿不用尿布、尿裤,而是穿开档裤,这种作法就应该淘汰,因为这与现代科学的育儿方
本刊讯10月18日,在第三届中国国际农产品交易会召开之际,由农交会组委会主办,农民日报社承办的“农产品安全与安全农资论坛”在京召开,农业部副部长牛盾出席会议并作了重要讲