院内获得性肺炎(hospital-acquired pneumona,HAP)是指病人住院48～72小时之后获得的下呼吸道感染,主要指肺炎,亦包括化脓性气管支气管炎、肺脓肿等。发病率高,占住院病人的1～3％、监护病室(ICU)病人的10～22％。病死率高,一般在30～50％,绿脓杆菌更高。在所有医院内获得性感染死亡病例中HAP占2/3,应引起临床医生重视,认真解决。 Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) refers to lower respiratory tract infection acquired 48 to 72 hours after hospitalization, mainly referring to pneumonia, including purulent bronchitis and pulmonary abscess. The incidence is high, accounting for 1 to 3% of inpatients and 10 to 22% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. High mortality, usually 30 to 50%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa higher. HAP accounts for 2/3 of the cases of death from sexual infection in all hospitals, which should be taken seriously by clinicians and solved seriously.