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有机单晶中分子排列长程有序、无晶界且杂质和缺陷很少,是揭示有机半导体材料本征性能和制备高迁移率器件的最佳选择。因此,有机单晶材料对于构筑高性能电子器件和电路等方面具有无可比拟的优势。同时,有机单晶材料也为揭示半导体材料微观分子堆积与宏观电性能关系提供了重要手段。有机分子间以弱的范德华力相结合,因此,有机半导体单晶多以微纳晶形式存在。目前,种类繁多的有机微纳晶半导体材料被广泛应用于高性能场效应晶体管器件,这些器件的研究不仅可以筛选出高性能的有机半导体材料,也为科研人员提供更多的机会来理解有机半导体中电荷传输的物理内涵。本综述介绍了有机单晶场效应晶体管的基本结构和运行机理;微纳晶制备、表征方法以及器件构筑方法;总结了近三年来有机微纳晶半导体材料与器件取得的最新研究进展;探讨了当前有机微纳晶研究的热点和趋势并分析了面临的挑战。
Organic single crystal molecular arrangement of long-range order, no grain boundaries and few impurities and defects, is to reveal the intrinsic properties of organic semiconductor materials and preparation of high mobility devices the best choice. Therefore, the organic single crystal material for building high-performance electronic devices and circuits have unparalleled advantages. At the same time, the organic single crystal material also provides an important means to reveal the relationship between the micro-molecular stacking of semiconductor materials and the macro-electrical properties. Organic molecules with weak van der Waals forces combined, therefore, most of the organic semiconductor single crystal micro-nanocrystalline form. Currently, a large variety of organic micro / nano semiconductor materials are widely used in high performance field effect transistor devices. The research of these devices can not only screen out high performance organic semiconductor materials, but also provide more opportunities for researchers to understand organic semiconductors Physical Connotation of Charge Transfer. This review presents the basic structure and operation mechanism of organic single crystal field effect transistor (MEMS); the preparation and characterization of micro / nanocrystals and the method of device construction; and the latest research progress in organic micro / nano semiconductor materials and devices obtained in recent three years. The current hot spots and trends of organic micro / nano research and analysis of the challenges.