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精子DNA完整性与男性生育力之间的关系是近些年来生殖医学研究领域的热点之一,精子DNA损伤已成为反映男性生育力的一个新指标。精子DNA的损伤原因有很多,有时可能是多种因素共同作用的结果。生殖系统疾病、环境污染、吸烟、微量元素及各种理化因素等原因都可能导致精子DNA完整性受损。常见的精子DNA完整性检测技术有原位末端标记法、精子染色体扩散实验、精子染色质结构分析试验、单细胞凝胶电泳、荧光原位杂交技术和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷测定法等。随着检验技术的不断发展,关于精子DNA损伤的检测技术也在不断更新改进。本文主要就近十年来精子DNA损伤机制、检测技术的相关研究进展作一综述,提示现有的精子DNA完整性检测技术尚不能满足临床和科研需要,急需找到一种理想的检测方法为男性不育的诊断和治疗提供重要依据。
The relationship between sperm DNA integrity and male fertility is one of the hot topics in the field of reproductive medicine in recent years. Sperm DNA damage has become a new indicator of male fertility. Sperm DNA damage for many reasons, and sometimes may be a combination of many factors as a result. Reproductive system diseases, environmental pollution, smoking, trace elements and various physical and chemical factors and other reasons may lead to damaged sperm DNA integrity. Common sperm DNA integrity detection techniques are in situ end-labeling method, sperm chromosome diffusion test, chromatin structure analysis of sperm experiments, single-cell gel electrophoresis, fluorescence in situ hybridization and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine assay. With the continuous development of testing technology, the testing technology of sperm DNA damage is constantly updated and improved. This review summarizes the related research progress of sperm DNA damage mechanism and detection technology in recent ten years, which indicates that the existing sperm DNA integrity testing technology can not meet the needs of clinical and scientific research. Therefore, an ideal detection method is urgently needed for male infertility The diagnosis and treatment provide an important basis.