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随着卡介苗的接种和抗结核药物的合理应用,青年结核病疫情较老年下降迅速,在老年人中又以男性的患病率为高,1979年我国结核病流行病学抽样调查,感染率高峰为50～60岁组,患病率、涂阳患病率及死亡率高峰均为65～69岁组。老年结核病高发的主要原因在于:①总人口中老年人口所占比例不断增加,结核病患病率高峰又落在老年组,老年病人也随着相应增加。②原结核严重的年轻人已进入老年,由于免疫机能低下,他们中的一部分人内源性再染而发病。③外源性感染。
With the inoculation of BCG and the rational application of anti-TB drugs, the outbreak of tuberculosis in young people declines rapidly compared with that of old people, and the prevalence of male in the elderly is also high. In 1979, the epidemiological survey of tuberculosis in China showed a peak infection rate of 50 ~ 60 years old group, prevalence, smear prevalence and mortality were the highest peak of 65 to 69 years old group. The main reasons for the high incidence of tuberculosis in the elderly are as follows: (1) The proportion of middle-aged population in the total population continues to increase, the peak incidence of tuberculosis falls in the elderly group, and the elderly patients also increase accordingly. ② The young people with severe tuberculosis have entered old age and some of them are endogenous and then become infected due to poor immune function. ③ exogenous infection.