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针对尿素醇解合成碳酸丙烯酯工艺,系统考察了锌盐催化体系的催化反应性能。结果显示,锌盐均表现出良好的催化活性,其中高氯酸锌的催化效果最好;高氯酸根离子强的吸电性可能是高氯酸锌催化效果好的主要原因。以高氯酸锌为催化剂,考察了不同的反应时间、催化剂用量和反应温度对合成中各反应的影响。当n(1,2-丙二醇)∶n(尿素)=4∶1、反应时间3 h、催化剂质量分数1.5%、反应温度170℃时,碳酸丙烯酯的收率可以达到94.2%。催化剂的稳定性较好,具有一定的应用前景。
Aiming at the process of alcohol synthesis of propylene carbonate by urea, the catalytic performance of zinc salt catalytic system was systematically investigated. The results showed that the zinc salts showed good catalytic activity, of which zinc perchlorate had the best catalytic effect. The strong electric perchlorate ion could be the main reason for the good catalytic effect of zinc perchlorate. Using perchlorate as catalyst, the effects of different reaction time, amount of catalyst and reaction temperature on each reaction were investigated. The yield of propylene carbonate could reach 94.2% when n (1,2-propanediol): n (urea) = 4:1, reaction time 3 h, catalyst mass fraction 1.5% and reaction temperature 170 ℃. The catalyst has good stability and has certain application prospects.