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利用ISSR技术分析39份果梅种质资源多样性和亲缘关系。结果表明,从51条引物中筛选出10条分辨率强的引物,共扩增出120个位点,平均每个引物扩增出12个位点,最多为16(UBC834),最少为10(UBC857),其中,多态性条带98条,多态性比率(PPB)为81.67%,表明ISSR标记在检测果梅基因组遗传多态性上有较显著的检出效率。DNA片段大小分布在0.2～3.0kb。基于各材料的Jaccard系数,利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析构建亲缘关系树状图。各材料之间的亲缘关系较复杂,并非平行分化的关系。39份供试材料的相似系数为0.5263～0.9910,其中,相似系数最大的为浙江的白毛和肖山选,达0.9910,属于青梅类,表明两者的亲缘关系最近;相似系数最小的为广东的矮白梅和湖南的红梅二号,仅为0.5263,表明两者的遗传差异较大。以0.65为阈值将39份材料分为3个类,第Ⅰ类为矮白梅一个品种,该品种因其树形矮化,适熟时果皮呈均匀的浅绿色,无红晕,梅果含酸量高等特征独立于其他品种之外,可能是一份比较特殊的种质资源;第Ⅱ类包括4个品种,白毛、肖山选、红梅2号和木瓜梅,其余的34个品种为第Ⅲ类。在第Ⅲ类的34个品种中,以0.71水平值又可以分为5个亚类,第1亚类(ⅢA)包括21个品种,可再分成5个组:第1组(a)包括大叶青、桐绿四号、石庵白粒圆、三排早、中脂梅、核梅、腊梅、新白梅等8个品种,除中脂梅和腊梅外,其余的6个品种属于青梅类;第2组(b)包括软枝大粒梅、大沛梅2号、大青梅、三排选一、山溪选一、软枝乌叶梅、大沛梅10号和白粉梅等8个品种,除三排选一、山溪选一属于青梅类外,其余的6个品种属于红梅类;第3组(c)包括竹梅和沙梅;第4组(d)包括白梅和桃梅,都属于红梅类;第5组(e)包括1个品种,沅江青梅。第2亚类(ⅢB)包括9个品种,皇后梅、胭腊梅、青水梅、大横核、横核、天水梅、双水梅、白头鹰和红面梅,除皇后梅、胭腊梅、红面梅属于红梅类,其余的6个品种属于青梅类。第3亚类为(ⅢC)大核青。第4亚类(ⅢD)为鸳鸯梅和红花梅。第5亚类(ⅢE)是李梅。供试材料间的聚类结果与传统园艺学分类基本一致,表明供试材料间的聚类与地域无明显相关性。
ISSR analysis was used to analyze 39 germplasm resources of kiwifruit and its genetic relationship. The results showed that 10 primers with strong resolution were screened out from 51 primers and a total of 120 loci were amplified. On average, 12 loci were amplified for each primer, up to 16 (UBC834), with a minimum of 10 UBC857). Among them, 98 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism ratio (PPB) of 81.67% indicated that ISSR markers had a significant detection efficiency in detecting the genomic polymorphism of P. apricot genome. DNA fragment size distribution in the 0.2 ~ 3.0kb. Based on the Jaccard coefficients of each material, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA method. The genetic relationship between the more complex, not parallel to the relationship between differentiation. The similarity coefficients of 39 tested materials ranged from 0.5263 to 0.9910. Among them, the largest similarity coefficient was white hair and Xiao mountain selection in Zhejiang Province, reaching 0.9910, which belonged to the plum family, which indicated that the genetic relationship between the two was the closest; the similarity coefficient was the lowest in Guangdong Dwarf white plum and Hunan Hongmei 2, only 0.5263, indicating that the genetic differences between the two larger. With the threshold of 0.65, 39 materials were divided into three classes. The first group was one breed of Dwarf white plum. Because of its tree dwarf, the peel of the breed was light green, The second class includes 4 varieties, white hair, Xiao Shanxuan, Hongmei 2 and papaya plum, and the remaining 34 varieties are the first Class III. Among the 34 varieties in category III, they can be further subdivided into five sub-categories based on the level of 0.71. The first sub-category (IIIA) includes 21 varieties which can be sub-divided into five groups: Group 1 (a) Eight varieties of Yeqing, Tonglv IV, Shiban Baiyuanyuan, three rows of early, Zhongzhimei, Nongmei, Lamei and Xinbaimei, except for Zizyphus pali and Lamei, the remaining six varieties are green plum; Group 2 (b) includes 8 varieties of Dibu plum, Dapi plum 2 and Daqing plum, one of three rows, one selected from Shanxi mountain stream, Wuyi plum, Dapi plum and white plum, Except for three rows, one of the mountain streams is selected to belong to the plum category, and the remaining six varieties belong to the red plum categories; the third group (c) includes the bamboo plum and the plum; the fourth group (d) includes the white plum and the plum plum Belong to Hongmei class; Group 5 (e) includes a variety, Yuanjiang plum. The second sub-category (IIIB) includes 9 varieties, Queen’s plum, Lanmei, Qingshui plum, Big transverse core, Transverse core, Tianshui plum, Shuimui plum, Bald eagle and Red plum, except Queen’s plum, Plum is a red plum class, the remaining 6 varieties are plum class. The third sub-category (IIIC) large nuclear youth. The fourth sub-category (IIID) plum duck and plum plum. Category 5 (IIIE) is Li Mei. The clustering results of the tested materials are basically the same as the traditional horticultural classification, indicating that there is no obvious correlation between the clustering of the tested materials and the geographical area.