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土壤微量元素空间分布特征是反映特定地区环境状况的一个重要因素。基于GIS技术,通过地统计学方法研究了天山北坡三工河流域冲积平原型绿洲土壤表层微量元素B、Mn、Zn、Fe及Cu等有效含量的空间变异特征。结果表明:①土壤微量元素B、Mn、Zn、Fe和Cu具有强烈的空间自相关性,自相关范围在520～3970m内变化,其中Zn和Fe的自相关性尺度相对较大,而B的自相关性尺度最小。②土壤微量元素均具有各向异性,其中在0°方向上变异最大。整体来看,研究区土壤有效B、Fe和Cu具有较强的各向异性,而有效Mn和Zn各向异性相对较弱。③采用Kriging和IDW两种插值方法分析研究区土壤微量元素的空间格局,结果表明,土壤微量元素呈现出明显的片状和斑块状分布特点。研究区中西部有效B含量较高,有效Mn、Zn、Fe和Cu含量均较低。
The spatial distribution of soil trace elements is an important factor that reflects the environmental conditions in a particular area. Based on the GIS technique, the spatial variability of soil available trace elements B, Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu in the alluvial plain oasis in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains was studied by geostatistics. The results showed that: (1) The spatial autocorrelation of trace elements B, Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu in soil had a strong spatial autocorrelation. The autocorrelation range varied from 520 m to 3970 m. The autocorrelation scales of Zn and Fe were relatively large, The smallest self-correlation scale. ② The soil trace elements are anisotropic, with the largest variation in 0 ° direction. Overall, soil available B, Fe and Cu in the study area have strong anisotropy, whereas effective Mn and Zn anisotropy are relatively weak. (3) The Kriging and IDW interpolation methods were used to analyze the spatial pattern of soil trace elements in the study area. The results showed that the soil trace elements showed obvious patchy and patchy distribution. The effective B content in the central and western regions of the study area is higher, and the available Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu contents are lower.