本文以清代及民国时期内蒙古的汉族移民活动为研究对象 ,从社会交换理论的视角 ,对支撑汉族和平移居及蒙汉关系平稳展开的深层机制进行集中考察 ,提出 :农耕对游牧的经济补充是联结蒙汉关系的内在基础 ;客居依附效应与私人友情是突破族际分界的关键环节 ;利益双赢机制则构成推动蒙汉互动、有效释缓紧张的稳固力量。而清朝对蒙古族游牧业的持久保护政策 ,则将移民冲击控制在一个蒙古族可以承受的范围内 Based on the theory of social exchange, this paper focuses on the immigration of Han nationality in Inner Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. From the perspective of social exchange theory, this paper focuses on the deep mechanisms that support the peaceful immigration of the Han people and the smooth development of the Sino-Mongolian relations. Linking the inner basis of the Mongolian-Chinese relations; the guest-attachment dependency effect and the personal friendship are the key links that break the boundary of ethnic groups; and the win-win mechanism of interests constitutes the steady force that facilitates the interaction between the Mongolian and the Han Chinese and effectively relieves the tensions. The Qing government’s long-term protection policy on Mongolian nomadic herds the immigration impact to a range that Mongolians can afford