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目的了解山东省济南地区铁路职工通勤方式及时间与超重肥胖、高血脂、脂肪肝之间的关系,为制定相应干预措施提供科学依据。方法于2014年3—6月采用分层随机整群抽样方法在济南铁路局抽取1 850名20~59岁铁路职工进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。结果通勤方式为私人交通、步行、自行车、公共交通的职工超重肥胖检出率分别为38.7%、18.5%、33.6%、31.0%,高血脂检出率分别为11.6%、4.6%、10.3%、10.1%,脂肪肝检出率分别为25.5%、13.0%、19.4%、19.3%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、月平均收入、吸烟、饮酒、每周锻炼时间、每日业余时间内静态时间、每日睡眠时间、每日通勤时间等混杂因素后,与通勤方式为私人交通相比,步行是超重肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.44,95%CI=0.25~0.77),骑自行车是脂肪肝的保护因素(OR=0.63,95%CI=0.43~0.95);在调整了除每日通勤时间外的其他混杂因素后,与非活跃的通勤相比,步行时间≤1 h(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.25~0.86)和>1 h(OR=0.32,95%CI=0.10~0.99)、骑自行车时间≤1 h(OR=0.61,95%CI=0.40~0.94)、公共交通时间≤1 h(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.28~0.76)是超重肥胖的保护因素,公共交通时间≤1 h(OR=0.33,95%CI=0.12~0.97)是高血脂的保护因素,骑自行车时间≤1 h(OR=0.57,95%CI=0.35~0.95)和公共交通时间≤1 h(OR=0.45,95%CI=0.24~0.84)是脂肪肝的保护因素。结论活跃的通勤方式可以降低超重肥胖、高血脂、脂肪肝发生的风险。
Objective To understand the relationship between commuting methods and time of railroad workers and overweight, obesity, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in railway stations in Jinan, Shandong Province, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating corresponding intervention measures. Methods From July to June 2014, stratified random cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 850 railway workers aged 20-59 in Jinan Railway Bureau for questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Results The detection rates of overweight and obesity among workers who commute themselves in private transportation, walking, bicycle and public transportation were respectively 38.7%, 18.5%, 33.6% and 31.0%, and the detection rate of hyperlipidemia was 11.6%, 4.6% and 10.3% 10.1% and detection rate of fatty liver were 25.5%, 13.0%, 19.4% and 19.3%, respectively. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for gender, age, education level, marital status, monthly average income, (OR = 0.44, P <0.05), walking was the protective factor of overweight and obesity (P <0.05) after drinking alcohol, exercise time per week, daily static time in spare time, daily sleep time, daily commuting time and other confounding factors. , 95% CI = 0.25-0.77). Biking was the protective factor of fatty liver (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43-0.95). After adjusting for other confounders other than daily commuting time, (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.86) and> 1 h (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.10-0.99), cycling time ≤1 h (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40 ~ 0.94), public transport time ≤1 h (OR = 0.46,95% CI = 0.28-0.76) was the protective factor of overweight and obesity, (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12-0.97) were the protective factors of hyperlipidemia. Cycling time ≤1 h (OR = 0.57,95% CI = 0.35-0.95) and public transport time ≤1 h , 95% CI = 0.24 ~ 0.84) is the protective factor of fatty liver. Conclusions Active commuting methods can reduce the risk of overweight and obesity, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.