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本文根据水工模型试验资料及收集部分野外观测资料指出,对于山区河流,采用圆形桥墩,河床冲刷较小及河槽没有路堤压缩的情况,斜交桥前的壅水和墩前冲高具有如下的特点: (1)壅水值随斜交角度的增大而减小。因而现有的计算方法当斜交角度很大时将给出非常错误的结果。 (2)墩前冲高值远大于壅水值,是桥梁设计的重要参数。它随斜交角度成二次曲线的形式变化,最大值发生在45°～55°之间。 (3)斜交桥各孔通过的流量自上游向下游沿程增加,最下游桥孔通过的流量比平均值高出约15～20％。 (4)斜交角大于50°以上的斜交桥,从水力学的观点看,并非是最不利的。
According to the hydraulic model test data and the collected field observation data, it is pointed out that for mountainous rivers, circular piers are used, and the riverbed erosion is small and there is no embankment compression in the river channel. Features: (1) 壅 water value decreases with the increase of skew angle. Therefore, the existing calculation method will give very wrong results when the skew angle is large. (2) The height of pier forewarning is much larger than that of water, which is an important parameter of bridge design. It changes in a quadratic curve with skew angles, with the maximum occurring between 45 ° and 55 °. (3) The flow passing through the holes of the skew bridge increases along the course from upstream to downstream, and the flow passing through the most downstream bridge opening is about 15-20% higher than the average value. (4) Oblique crossing angle greater than 50 °, from the hydraulic point of view, is not the most unfavorable.