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以黄土高原典型苹果园地为研究区域,采用野外调查与试验分析相结合的方法,选取6个土壤养分指标:有机质、全氮、速效磷、全磷、速效钾和全钾,应用多元统计分析方法,分析了黄土高原典型苹果园地3个区段(陕西凤翔、陕西长武、陕西延安)0—300cm土壤剖面层土壤养分含量的分布特征及差异性。结果表明:不同苹果产区土壤养分含量差别明显,3个试点各类果园0—300cm土层土壤全氮含量平均值,全磷含量平均值、速效磷含量平均值、全钾含量平均值、速效钾含量平均值由大到小依次为凤翔>长武>延安;长武>凤翔>延安;长武>凤翔>延安;凤翔>长武>延安;长武>凤翔>延安。不同苹果产区果园0—300cm土层土壤氮磷钾全量和速效量剖面分布特征类似,除全钾和速效氮外其余养分全量和速效量剖面分布具有明显“表层积聚效应。长武和延安的0—300cm土层土壤有机质含量的剖面分布特征类似,没有明显的垂直分层现象而凤翔0—100cm土层速效钾含量随土层加深而迅速降低,100—200cm土层内有机质含量的剖面含量没有明显的变化。陕西长武地区土壤养分指数为0.24比陕西凤翔地区(0.23)的高;陕西凤翔地区养分指数(0.23)比陕西延安地区的(0.22)高。针对不同区域果园土壤养分含量差异,提出果园施肥建议:凤翔果园应该增施有机肥和氮肥,增施钾肥。长武果园增施有机肥,氮磷钾肥配合施用。延安地区土壤养分状况最差,应加大施肥力度,增施有机肥,氮磷钾肥配合施用,实行平衡施肥。
Taking the typical apple orchard in the Loess Plateau as the study area, six soil nutrient indicators were selected from the field investigation and the experimental analysis. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium and total potassium were selected and analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis , The distribution characteristics and differences of soil nutrient contents in 0-300 cm soil profile in three typical apple orchard areas (Fengxiang in Shaanxi, Changwu in Shaanxi and Yan’an in Shaanxi) were analyzed. The results showed that there was significant difference in soil nutrient contents in different apple producing areas. The soil total nitrogen content, average total phosphorus content, average phosphorus content, total potassium content, The average value of potassium content in descending order was Fengxiang> Changwu> Yan’an; Changwu> Fengxiang> Yan’an; Changwu> Fengxiang> Yan’an; Fengxiang> Changwu> Yan’an; Changwu> Fengxiang> Yan’an. The profiles of distribution characteristics of total N and P available potassium in soil of 0-300cm soil layer in different apple orchards were similar, except for total potassium and available nitrogen, the profiles of total and available nutrients had obvious ”surface accumulation effect." Changwu and Yan’an The distribution characteristics of soil organic matter in 0-300cm soil layer are similar, and there is no obvious vertical stratification. However, the available potassium content in 0-100cm soil layer of Fengxiang rapidly decreases with the deepening of soil layer. The profile of organic matter content in 100-200cm soil layer The content of soil nutrients in Changwu of Shaanxi Province was 0.24 higher than that of Fengxiang of Shaanxi Province (0.23), while the nutrient index of Fengxiang of Shaanxi Province (0.23) was higher than that of Yan’an of Shaanxi (0.22) Differences, Proposed Orchard Fertilization Suggestions: Fengxiang Orchard should be an additional organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, increasing the application of potassium. Changwu Orchard by organic manure, with the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Yanan the worst soil nutrients, fertilizer should be increased efforts to increase Application of organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with the application of balanced fertilization.