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无毒性表现的儿童出现不明原因的发热时,即使进行彻底的、完整的物理检查,也只能证实其中仅1/5真正患有疾病。虽然这些儿童中大部分患的是自限性病毒感染性疾病,但从19世纪80年代到90年代的研究表明:<36个月的幼儿中,7%～13%出现不明原因的发热会伴有潜在的菌血症和严重细菌感染。
In unexplained fever in children with no toxic effects, even a thorough and complete physical examination confirms that only one in five of these children actually suffer from the disease. Although most of these children are self-limiting viral infections, studies from the 1880s through the 1890s found that between 7% and 13% of children <36 months had unexplained fever associated Potential bacteremia and severe bacterial infections.