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随着科学技术的发展,电子、光学和军品零件加工精度和表面质量的要求日益提高。采用普通研磨加工方法,虽然加工表面粗糙度和形状精度可符合要求,但表面加工变质层会使零件的机械物理性能降低。为此,开发研究出许多精加工技术。磁性研磨法是70年代新开发研究的一种加工方法,具有高精度、高效率和加工表面无变质层的特点,特别适合难研磨材料和复杂形状表面的研磨加工,并能在研磨加工过程中控制研磨效率和研磨精度。本文以自行研制的研磨装置为实验手段,对磁性流体研磨加工进行工艺试验,探索了研磨时间、磨粒粒径、混合液体积添加率和磁场强度诸因素对研磨效率和研磨精度的影响。并在此基础上对研磨机理进行了初步分析,提出了磁性流体研磨加工中单颗磨粒的运动模型,找出了研磨表面产生铜屑粘连、夹渣、磁性颗粒粘附和较粗划痕等缺陷的原因,以及控制措施。
With the development of science and technology, the processing accuracy and surface quality of the electronic, optical and military parts are increasingly demanding. The use of ordinary grinding method, although the processing of surface roughness and shape accuracy to meet the requirements, but the surface of the processing layer will deteriorate the mechanical and physical properties of parts. To this end, developed a lot of finishing technology. Magnetic grinding method is a kind of processing method newly developed in 1970s. It has the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency and no degenerated layer on the processing surface. It is especially suitable for the grinding processing of difficult grinding materials and complex shape surfaces and can be used in the grinding process Control of grinding efficiency and grinding accuracy. In this paper, a self-developed grinding device is used as an experimental method to test the magnetic fluid grinding process. The effects of grinding time, abrasive particle size, mixed volume addition rate and magnetic field strength on grinding efficiency and grinding accuracy are explored. On this basis, the grinding mechanism was preliminarily analyzed. The motion model of the single abrasive grains in the magnetic fluid grinding process was put forward. It was found that the adhesion of the copper scrap, the slag, the magnetic particles and the coarse scratches on the grinding surface And other defects, as well as control measures.