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干扰在森林生态系统中普遍存在,并影响森林的更新和演替.动物传播种子是种子更新的必经阶段,其对森林干扰的响应在一定程度上能够预测未来的森林群落组成和结构变化,对于明确森林演替方向具有重要意义.本文论述了森林干扰对动物传播种子有效性(包括动物传播种子的数量和质量)影响研究的生态学意义,全面揭示了自然干扰(火干扰、林窗干扰等)和人为干扰(生境破碎化、狩猎、采伐等)对动物传播种子数量、传播距离以及传播后幼苗更新影响的研究进展,指出干扰通过影响动物种群动态,进而造成动物传播种子数量发生了改变,动物传播种子的距离对干扰的响应基本表现出轻微负相关;干扰对传播后幼苗更新的影响结果因干扰类型的不同而复杂多变,干扰迹地环境因子的变化也影响着传播后的种子萌发和幼苗更新.干扰对动物传播种子有效性影响研究中存在的问题,主要表现为火干扰迹地恢复过程、增益性的干扰(如抚育、间伐、林窗)等对种子传播有效性影响研究的匮乏,以及忽略了温带森林内的干扰对动物传播种子的影响等.今后,应开展干扰对种子传播有效性的长期研究;对于干扰多发地带的森林,应高度重视增益性干扰影响动物传播植物种子的研究.
Interference is prevalent in forest ecosystems and affects the regeneration and succession of forests.Animal dispersal of seeds is a necessary stage of seed regeneration and its response to forest disturbance can predict the composition and structure of forest communities in the future to a certain extent, Which is of great importance to clarify the direction of forest succession.This paper discusses the ecological significance of forest disturbance on the study of the effects of seed dispersal (including the number and quality of seeds spread by animals), and reveals the natural disturbance (fire disturbance, gap disturbance Etc.) and human interference (habitat fragmentation, hunting, logging, etc.) on the number of propagating seeds, propagation distance and the impact of seedling renewal after propagation, pointed out that interference through the impact on animal population dynamics, resulting in changes in the number of seeds spread of animals , And the distance of animal-transmitted seeds showed a slight negative correlation with the disturbance. The effect of disturbance on seedling renewal after propagation was complex and variable due to the different types of disturbance, and the changes of the environmental factors affecting the disturbance also affected the germination of the seeds after propagation And seedling renewal. Interference effects on the effectiveness of seed propagation in animals The main problems are the recovery process of fire disturbances, the lack of research on the effects of gain disturbances (such as tending, thinning, gap) on the effectiveness of seed dispersal, and the neglect of the interference of temperate forests on the propagation of seeds by animals Impact, etc. In the future, long-term research on the effectiveness of disturbance on seed propagation should be carried out and for the forest disturbing multiple occurrences, emphasis should be placed on the study on the effect of benefit disturbance on plant-seed propagation in animals.