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目的了解2015年北京市顺义区居民膳食营养摄入状况及近年来的变化趋势。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,按顺义区经济发展程度和地理位置,选取分别代表城、乡的2个街道和3个乡镇,在选中的街道(乡镇)随机选取2个社区(村),在选中的社区或乡村随机选取300户817人作为研究对象,研究调查户所有成员食物消费情况、营养素摄入以及营养素的食物来源情况。结果顺义区居民谷类、蛋类摄入量较合理,薯类、水果、蔬菜、大豆及坚果类均摄入不足,分别为建议摄入量下限的60.8%、52.3%、83.0%和63.2%,奶类和水产品与推荐值差距最大,仅相当于推荐值的16.8%和34.3%。而肉类、食用油和盐摄入过高,分别超出推荐值的10.3%、63.7%和100.0%。能量基本供给充足。蛋白质、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B_2、钙、铁、锌分别有52.1%(426/817)、72.1%(589/817)、83.8%(685/817)、88.6%(724/817)、97.2%(794/817)、10.0%(82/817)和45.9%(375/817)的居民存在摄入不足的情况,91.6%(748/817)的居民钠摄入量达到适宜水平。脂肪供能比偏高,蛋白质质量有待提高。结论北京市顺义区居民仍存在部分营养素摄入不足问题,膳食结构需进一步优化。
Objective To understand the dietary intake of residents in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2015 and the trend of changes in recent years. Methods By stratified cluster sampling method, according to the degree of economic development and geographical location of Shunyi District, two towns and three townships representing cities and townships were selected. Two communities (villages) were randomly selected from the selected townships. . A total of 817 households of 300 households were selected from the selected communities or villages as study subjects to study the food consumption, nutrient intake and nutrient source of all members of the household surveyed. Results The intake of grains and eggs of residents in Shunyi District was relatively low. The intake of yam, fruits, vegetables, soybeans and nuts were all less than 60.8%, 52.3%, 83.0% and 63.2% respectively of the lower limits of the recommended intake, Dairy products and aquatic products have the largest discrepancies with the recommended values, representing only 16.8% and 34.3% of the recommended values. Excessive intake of meat, cooking oil and salt exceeded the recommended values by 10.3%, 63.7% and 100.0%, respectively. Adequate supply of basic energy. 52.1% (426/817), 72.1% (589/817), 83.8% (685/817), 88.6% (724/817) of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B_2, calcium, 97.2% (794/817), 10.0% (82/817) and 45.9% (375/817) residents had inadequate intake, and 91.6% (748/817) had adequate sodium intake. Higher fat to energy ratio, protein quality to be improved. Conclusion Residents in Shunyi District of Beijing still have some problems of inadequate intake of nutrients and the dietary structure needs to be further optimized.