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我国的海外移民形成了侨乡,侨乡与海外移民有着密切的联系。本文以闽东侨乡福村为个案,探讨海外移民与祖籍地之间的跨国活动,阐释海外移民对侨乡经济、社会和文化发展的影响,并指出这种影响的局限性。改革开放后,福村的海外移民与祖籍地的跨国活动日益活跃,对祖籍地的经济、社会和文化都产生了重大的影响。他们的跨国活动始于向祖籍地寄侨汇,进而逐步涉及经济、社会和文化领域。经济领域的跨国活动主要表现为:一是向祖籍地汇款;二是投资和引台资等资本在祖籍地建立企业;三是共同筹资建设祖籍地和母国。遗憾的是,他们的这些活动更多的是停留在“输血”层面,而没有实现“造血”功能。他们是社会文化领域跨国活动的积极参与者,甚至是发起者。同时,第二代移民受情感驱动因素影响,会与第一代一起参与经济领域、社会文化领域的跨国活动,但是他们的参与热情受他们叔伯辈的第一代移民的去世等因素影响而逐渐消减。
China’s overseas immigrants formed a hometown of overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese and overseas immigrants have close ties. This paper takes Fujian Fu Village as a case study, discusses the transnational activities between overseas immigrants and ancestral homeland, expounds the impact of overseas immigrants on the economic, social and cultural development of Qiaoxiang, and points out the limitations of this kind of influence. After the reform and opening up, the transnational activities of Fucun’s overseas immigrants and ancestral homeland have been increasingly active and have had a significant impact on the economy, society and culture of their ancestral home. Their transnational activities began with remittances of remittances to their ancestral homeland, which in turn gradually involved economic, social and cultural fields. The transnational activities in the economic field are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, remittances are made to ancestral homeland; second, investment and introduction of capital such as Taiwan-funded enterprises are established in their ancestral homeland; thirdly, co-financing is used to build ancestral homeland and homeland. Unfortunately, these activities are more of their “blood transfusion” level, and did not achieve “blood ” function. They are active participants and even initiators of transnational activities in the field of social culture. At the same time, the second generation of immigrants are affected by the emotional drivers and will participate in the transnational activities in the fields of economy and social culture together with the first generation. However, their enthusiasm for participation is gradually affected by the death of their first generation of immigrants and other factors Reduce.