生物电现象及与其伴随的兴奋性是生物组织最基本的重要特征之一。十八世纪末、十九世纪初,Galvani和Volta进行的“动物电活动”的试验为发现心脏电活动以及与之伴随的心肌收缩奠定了基础。1902年,Bernstein通过对两栖类神经和肌肉电活动的长期研究总结,从细胞水平说明了生物电现象。本世纪四十年代及五十年代,Hodgkin对生物电现象进行了更精密的研究,提出了重要的理论及研究方 The phenomenon of bioelectricity and its accompanying excitability is one of the most basic and important features of biological tissues. Experiments by Galvani and Volta in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century on “Animal Electroactivity” laid the foundation for the discovery of cardiac electrical activity and accompanying myocardial contraction. In 1902 Bernstein elucidated the bioelectric phenomenon at the cellular level through a long-term study of amphibian nerve and muscle electrical activity. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hodgkin studied bioelectric phenomena more closely and put forward important theories and research methods