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伊索寓言的汉译自明末始。《况义》作为第一个专门翻译介绍伊索寓言的中文选译本,呈现出古希腊、基督教和古代中国各种不同的文化因素多元融汇的复杂情况。它典型地说明了文学翻译超越语言的文化交流性质,更是中西文学交流之初文化剧烈冲撞的绝佳范例。本文以译本和译者为中心,通过译本系统内的对比来描述《况义》中的中西思想因素,并从译者、时代等方面阐释产生这种复杂情况的原因。可以说,《况义》所显示出的文学翻译中文化交流的复杂性,在今天仍有启示意义。
Aesop’s Fables translated from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. As the first Chinese translation to introduce Aesop’s Fables, “Condition of Exposition” presents a complex situation in which various cultural factors of ancient Greece, Christianity and ancient China were mixed together. It typically illustrates the nature of cultural exchange beyond literature in literary translation and is an excellent example of the sharp cultural clash of Chinese and Western literary exchanges. This paper focuses on the translator and the translator, and compares the Chinese and Western ideological factors in “Yiyi” through the comparison within the translation system. The reasons for this complex situation are explained from the aspects of translator and time. It can be said that the complexity of the cultural exchange in the translation of literary works as revealed by the “Condition of Exposition” still has enlightenment today.