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分词作宾语补足语在历届高考中出现频率很高,是各省市高考命题的一大热点,因此正确掌握分词在句中的用法十分重要。要想顺利解决分词作宾语补足语的问题,就要掌握以下思路:分词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也有动词的特征。过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,在语态上侧重于被动;而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,在语态上侧重于主动。
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补足语。
一、过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面。如:
They kept the door closed for a long time.
Don?蒺t leave such an important thing undone.
Don?蒺t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二、过去分词用在get, have, make的后面。
1.注意“have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:
A)表“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如:
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表“遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受……影响,蒙受……损失”。如:
I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday.
The young man had his leg broken in the accident.
2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如:
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
三、过去分词用在感官动词see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, feel, find等后面。如:
When we went home, we found the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
They felt themselves cheated.
四、过去分词用在want, wish, like, expect等表示“希望,愿望”这一类动词后面作宾补。如:
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
The manager wouldn?蒺t like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my room painted white.
五、过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如:
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With everything well arranged, he left the office.
注意:当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补足语。如:
The little boy was seen punished by his father. 有人看见这男孩遭到父亲的惩罚。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
分词作主语补语时,要注意把握分词和主语的逻辑关系。当分词和主语的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系,即主语是动作的承受者时,要用表示被动的过去分词。(相反,若主语和分词是逻辑上的主谓关系时,即主语是动作的发出者时,要用表示主动的现在分词。)
[分词作宾语补足语练习]
1. I?蒺m going to have my car ____.
A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix
2. He had his leg ____ in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
4. I found a car ____ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
5. ——By the way, when did you get your bedroom ____?
——Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
6. The children were found ____ in the cave.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped
7. On a ____ morning the little girl was found ____ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing; freezing B. freezing; frozen
C. frozen; frozen D. frozen; freezing
8. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word ____.
A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak
9. ____ from space, the earth, with water ____ seventy percent of its surface, looks like
a blue ball.
A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering
C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covered
10. I?蒺m afraid that I can?蒺t make myself ____ because of my poor English.
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
11. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went
wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
12. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A. put away B. keep up C. give away D. laid up
13. I don?蒺t want the children ____ out in such weather.
A. take B. to take C. taken D. taking
14. Jane got her bad tooth ____ at the dentist?蒺s.
A. to put in B. pulled out C. pushed out D. drawing out
15. With a lot of difficulties ____, they went to the seashore and had a good rest.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
Key:1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补足语。
一、过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面。如:
They kept the door closed for a long time.
Don?蒺t leave such an important thing undone.
Don?蒺t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二、过去分词用在get, have, make的后面。
1.注意“have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:
A)表“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如:
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表“遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受……影响,蒙受……损失”。如:
I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday.
The young man had his leg broken in the accident.
2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如:
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
三、过去分词用在感官动词see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, feel, find等后面。如:
When we went home, we found the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
They felt themselves cheated.
四、过去分词用在want, wish, like, expect等表示“希望,愿望”这一类动词后面作宾补。如:
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
The manager wouldn?蒺t like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my room painted white.
五、过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如:
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With everything well arranged, he left the office.
注意:当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补足语。如:
The little boy was seen punished by his father. 有人看见这男孩遭到父亲的惩罚。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
分词作主语补语时,要注意把握分词和主语的逻辑关系。当分词和主语的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系,即主语是动作的承受者时,要用表示被动的过去分词。(相反,若主语和分词是逻辑上的主谓关系时,即主语是动作的发出者时,要用表示主动的现在分词。)
[分词作宾语补足语练习]
1. I?蒺m going to have my car ____.
A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix
2. He had his leg ____ in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
4. I found a car ____ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
5. ——By the way, when did you get your bedroom ____?
——Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
6. The children were found ____ in the cave.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped
7. On a ____ morning the little girl was found ____ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing; freezing B. freezing; frozen
C. frozen; frozen D. frozen; freezing
8. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word ____.
A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak
9. ____ from space, the earth, with water ____ seventy percent of its surface, looks like
a blue ball.
A. Seen; covered B. Seen; covering
C. Seeing; covering D. Seeing; covered
10. I?蒺m afraid that I can?蒺t make myself ____ because of my poor English.
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
11. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went
wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
12. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A. put away B. keep up C. give away D. laid up
13. I don?蒺t want the children ____ out in such weather.
A. take B. to take C. taken D. taking
14. Jane got her bad tooth ____ at the dentist?蒺s.
A. to put in B. pulled out C. pushed out D. drawing out
15. With a lot of difficulties ____, they went to the seashore and had a good rest.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
Key:1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A