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元丰七年(公元1804年),苏轼由黄州贬赴汝州任团练副使时经过江西九江的庐山。自古有“匡庐奇秀甲天下”美称的庐山,位于江西省北部,耸立于长江南岸、鄱阳湖之滨。这里不仅冈峦环列,山峰多达九十余座,而且长年云雾缭绕,烟雨弥漫。她那瞬息万变、瑰丽奇迷的山色,为历代文人骚客讴歌不已。庐山的风雨云雾使因“乌台诗案”而累及贬谪的苏轼感到惊异骇怪。于是兴之所致,在庐山西林寺的墙壁上写下了这一首千古流传的游庐山诗——《题西林壁》:
In the 7th year of Yuanfeng (1804 AD), Su Shi passed away from Huangzhou to Shaoshan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province when he delegated to Quzhou as the assistant dean of the regiment. The Lushan Mountain, which has been known to the world as the “Qi Xiu Xia Jia Tian Xia,” is located in the northern part of Jiangxi Province and stands on the southern bank of the Yangtze River and on the banks of Poyang Lake. Not only is there a ring in Ganges, and there are as many as 90 peaks in the mountains, and it is filled with haze and mist and rain. Her ever-changing and magnificent mountain landscape has long been an ode to the literati. The stormy weather in Laoshan surprised the Su Shi who was involved in the relegation of the “Wutai Poem Case.” As a result of this, the first poem, You Xishan, which was circulating through the ages, was written on the wall of the Shanxi Lin Temple.