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贷款投资船舶,是当今国际航运船舶资金的主要来源。不过,大多数是运用卖方或买方贷款,即单向贷款的方式。而同时利用卖方和买方资金以及它们各自优越贷款条件的双向筹措并不很多。有些船舶所有人虽然采用了双向贷款的筹资方法,然而,对于偿付本息的分析处理,仍用常规的单向贷款的做法,这显然是有问题的。本文就双向贷款的含意、可取之处以及双向贷款与单向贷款在偿付本息方面的差异作了阐述,例证了应该采用的正确分析方法和双向贷款条件下实际贷款利率的计算方法。作者撰写本文的目的,是试图让处于结构性调整的我国远洋船队和航运企业在利用外资方面采用更为灵活、有效的方式,做好双向贷款经济性的正确评估工作。
Loans to invest in ships, is the main source of today’s international shipping vessels. However, most are using seller or buyer loans, one-way loans. However, there are not many bidders that take advantage of both the seller’s and buyer’s funds and their respective superior lending conditions. Although some ship owners have adopted a two-way loan financing method, the conventional one-way loans are still used in the analysis and payment of principal and interest payments. This is obviously a problem. This article elaborates the meaning and merits of two-way loans and the differences between two-way loans and one-way loans in paying off principal and interest, and illustrates the correct analysis method and the calculation method of the actual loan interest rate under the condition of two-way loans. The author’s purpose in writing this article is to try to make the structural adjustment of China’s ocean-going fleets and shipping enterprises adopt a more flexible and effective way in utilizing foreign investment so as to make a correct assessment of the two-way loan economy.