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在概率论发展初期,人们就知道可以用事件发生的“频率”来近似估计事件的“概率”.在相同条件下大量重复试验,计算出频率,然后根据频率围绕概率上下波动,当试验次数足够多时,频率就会稳定于概率,从而得出概率的近似值.随着科学的发展尤其是计算机的发明,人们可以在计算机上大量、快速地进行模拟试验,这种统计模拟方法也叫做蒙特卡罗方法.下面通过人教A版《必修三》中P139的例题3,介绍两种常用的随机模拟方法,供大家参考.
At the beginning of the development of probability theory, people know that the “probability” of an event can be approximated by using “frequency” of the event.A lot of experiments are repeated under the same conditions to calculate the frequency and then fluctuate around the probability according to the frequency, When the number of trials is large enough, the frequency will be stable to the probability, resulting in the approximation of the probability.With the development of science, especially the invention of the computer, people can carry out a large number of simulation experiments on the computer, and this method of statistical simulation Called the Monte Carlo method below by the people taught A version of “compulsory three” in the P139 example 3, introduced two commonly used random simulation method for your reference.