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启蒙时期的德国处于分裂状态,且从政治上看不到统一的希望。思想界想通过塑造德意志民族性,力求在文化上先统一德国,该时期的文学就承载了此项任务。与欧洲启蒙整体思想不同,德国思想界更重视“向内”。且受此影响,德国文学也形成了重视感性和个体,慢慢疏离理性的特点。这种特殊方式一方面促进了德国民族性的创立,另一方面又使德国疏离于欧洲启蒙体系,民族特色鲜明,为未来的发展埋下了潜伏的危险。
Germany in the Enlightenment was divided and there was no political hope for reunification. Ideologues want to shape the German nationality, and strive to unify Germany culturally, the literature of this period will carry this task. Different from the general idea of enlightenment in Europe, the German intellectual circles pay more attention to “inward ”. And influenced by this, German literature has also formed a sense of empathy and individual, slowly alienated from the characteristics of reason. On the one hand, this special mode promoted the creation of German nationality on the one hand, and on the other hand, alienated Germany from the European enlightenment system. The distinctive national characteristics laid a latent danger for the future development.