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锅炉燃烧后产生的烟气中含有大量的尘粒、SO_x和NO_x,成为大气污染三大害。随着除尘、除硫技术的不断发展,NO_x己成为当前迫切需要控制的有害气体。为了控制NO_x,世界各国(特别是日本、英、美等国)都进行了广泛的科学研究工作,制订了控制NO_x的环境标准和排放标准,本文介绍了我国及其他国家的控制NO_x标准值。分析了NO_x的生成机理,介绍了温度型NO快速温度型NO和燃料型NO生成机理不同之处,找出了影响其生成的因素和提出了控制的原则。根据控制NO_x生成的原则,详尽介绍了改变燃烧方法控制NO_x生成的燃烧技术,指出了各种控制NO_x生成燃烧技术的优、劣和在电力工业中适用的范围。文末还简要地展望了燃料除氮和烟气脱硝技术。
The flue gas generated by the combustion of the boiler contains a large amount of dust particles, SOx and NOx, becoming the three major hazards of air pollution. With the continuous development of dust removal and sulfur removal technologies, NO_x has become the current urgent need to control the harmful gases. In order to control NO_x, all countries in the world (especially in Japan, Britain, the United States and other countries) conducted extensive scientific research and formulated environmental standards and emission standards for the control of NO_x. This article introduced the control of NO_x standard values in China and other countries. The formation mechanism of NO_x was analyzed. The difference between the formation mechanism of temperature NO and fuel NO was introduced. The factors affecting the formation and the principle of control were proposed. According to the principle of controlling NO_x generation, the combustion technology of changing combustion method to control NO_x production is introduced in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of various NO_x combustion technologies are pointed out, and the applicable scope in power industry is pointed out. At the end of the article, the technologies of fuel nitrogen removal and flue gas denitration are also briefly discussed.