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发射未来空间飞行器的主要方法是利用空间运输系统(STS)。已经做了大量研究工作,验证了采用可贮存推进系统或者低温推进系统的最短长度上面级能从低地轨道的STS上把大型有效载荷和要部署的有效载荷送到地球同步轨道。航空喷气技术系统公司当前正在研制两种适用于上述上面级的推进系统。一种是推力为几千磅的可贮存推进系统,另一种是推力只有几百磅的低温推进系统。这些发动机的严格寿命和性能要求提出了一些新的技术问题。这只能通过在以后为可贮存发动机采用新材料和生产工艺以及为低温发动机搞新的设计方案来解决。可贮存发动机的功能试验业已完成,其飞行重量研制计划将在八十年代底完成。经鉴定合格的发动机预计在九十年代初提供使用。低推力的低温发动机的研制和提供使用的时间都要比可贮存发动机推迟三年。本文主要介绍这两种发动机的技术问题、解决方法以及研制状况。
The main method of launching future space vehicles is to use the Space Transport System (STS). Much research has been done to demonstrate that the shortest length upper stage with stowable propulsion systems or cryogenic propulsion systems can deliver large payloads and payloads to be deployed to geosynchronous orbit from low earth orbit STSs. Aviation Jet Systems is currently developing two propulsion systems for the above-mentioned classes. One is a stackable propulsion system with a thrust of several thousand pounds and the other is a cryogenic propulsion system with a thrust of only a few hundred pounds. The strict life and performance requirements of these engines raise some new technical issues. This can only be solved by later adopting new materials and manufacturing processes for stowable engines and new designs for cryogenic engines. The functional test of storable engine has been completed and its flight weight development plan will be completed by the end of 1980s. Qualified engines are expected to be available in the early 1990s. Low-thrust low-temperature engine development and provide the use of time than the storage engine can be delayed for three years. This article describes the technical issues of these two engines, solutions and development status.