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以西藏自治区申扎县的部分村落作为典型藏族社区,采取面对面访谈的方法,从社区居民参与的5个方面分析典型藏族社区参与生态旅游开发的感知与态度。结果表明:(1)大部分居民支持发展生态旅游,愿意参与生态旅游政策决策制定与开发,愿意参与旅游教育和培训。(2)大部分居民认为生态旅游可促进本地经济与社会发展,促进居民能力提升和提高居民对环境与文化的保护意识,但部分居民认为开发生态旅游会破坏自然环境与本地民俗文化。(3)社区居民参与生态旅游水平还很低,但参与潜力较大。(4)大部分居民可参与生态旅游开发的主要方式为:旅游开发的劳动力、提供藏族特色住宿餐饮、表演藏族歌曲和销售旅游商品。(5)社区参与生态旅游的能力较差,缺乏资金与技术,居民普遍对政府是否会帮助与支持当地居民参与旅游开发经营出缺乏信心。(6)制约典型藏族社区参与生态旅游的障碍性因素为:语言障碍、资金与技术缺乏、生态旅游的基础设施不足。最后构建申扎县社区参与生态旅游水平的提升机理。
Taking the villages in Xiansha County, Tibet Autonomous Region as typical Tibetan communities, this paper analyzes the perceptions and attitudes of typical Tibetan communities participating in the development of eco-tourism from five aspects of community participation through face-to-face interviews. The results show that: (1) Most residents support the development of eco-tourism, are willing to participate in the formulation and development of ecotourism policy decisions, and are willing to participate in tourism education and training. (2) Most residents think that ecotourism can promote local economy and social development, enhance residents ’ability and raise residents’ awareness of environment and culture protection. However, some residents think that the development of ecotourism will destroy the natural environment and local folk culture. (3) The participation of community residents in ecotourism is still low, but the potential for participation is high. (4) The main ways in which most residents can participate in the development of ecotourism are: labor force for tourism development, catering for Tibetan-style accommodation, performing Tibetan songs and selling tourism products. (5) The community is less able to participate in ecotourism, lack of funds and technology. Residents generally lack confidence in whether the government will help and support local residents in participating in tourism development and management. (6) Barrier factors that restrict the participation of typical Tibetan communities in ecotourism include: language barriers, lack of capital and technology, and lack of infrastructure for ecotourism. Finally, construct the promotion mechanism of community participation in eco-tourism in Shenzha County.