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1978年以前,中国社会的一个重要特点是严格限制农村人口向城市流动,造成特殊形态的城乡不平等和阶层结构。自20世纪80年代起,农村人口向城市流动的势头愈演愈烈。在中国,上世纪80年代的改革主线是市场化;直到90年代后期,才有了以社会保障为主要标志的社会政策。从那时到现在,市场化导向的经济改革并没有终结,而是继续深化。因此,当代中国处在向市场经济和社会政策的两个转型之中。本文提出当代中国的双重转型观;在此基础上,考察劳动就业和社会保障改革的权利均等化意义,分析其对农民工经济社会地位的影响。
Before 1978, an important feature of Chinese society was the strict restrictions on the flow of rural population to cities, resulting in special forms of urban-rural inequality and stratification. Since the 1980s, the momentum of rural migration to cities has been growing. In China, the main course of reform in the 1980s was marketization. Until the late 1990s, social policies with social security as the main symbol were available. Since then, the market-oriented economic reform has not ended but has continued to deepen. Therefore, contemporary China is in the midst of two transitions to a market economy and social policy. This article proposes a double transformation of contemporary China; on this basis, it examines the significance of equalization of right to work and employment and social security reform, and analyzes its impact on the economic and social status of migrant workers.