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前言军用系统中微波管的可靠性是一个常有争议的题目,但是由于缺乏确凿事实而严重妨碍了对这一场争论的开展。尽管如此,来自民用用户的充足事实证明,微波管企业知道怎样进行可靠性设计。例如EEV公司的N10018行波管是用于定向通讯线路的6千兆赫、10瓦的管予。它在一条线路上已经累计工作了近250万小时。分析这些数据表明其平均寿命为42000小时,平均无故障时间为285000小时。在大功率管方面,EEV公司的电视速调管,连续波输出功率为5千瓦至45千瓦,在BBC电台已累计工作了1875万小时,平均寿命为16600小时,平均无故障时
INTRODUCTION The reliability of microwave tubes in military systems is a subject of much debate but has seriously hampered the debate on this issue due to a lack of conclusive evidence. In spite of this, sufficient evidence from civil users proves that microwave tube companies know how to design for reliability. For example, EEV’s N10018 TWT is a 6 GHz, 10 watt tube for directional communication lines. It has accumulated nearly 2.5 million hours of work on a single route. Analysis of these data shows that the average life expectancy is 42,000 hours with a mean time to failure of 285,000 hours. In the high-power tube, EEV’s TV klystron, continuous wave output power of 5 kW to 45 kW, BBC radio has worked 18,75 million hours, with an average life expectancy of 16,600 hours, mean time between failures