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英国是世界上第一个步入工业化的国家,肇始于十八世纪六七十年代的工业革命使英国的生产力得到了飞速发展,早期工业化历程为英国创造辉煌篇章的同时也留下了黑暗的历史,雇佣童工现象便是其中一页。工厂制的确立使工厂主发现了童工在大机器生产中的价值。随着雇佣童工现象趋于合法化、普遍化,童工在恶劣的工作环境下因缺乏教养所带来的问题引发了社会人士和政府的关注。本文以各个时期的《工厂法》针对童工教育立法过程为主线,重点描述英国从自由放任到国家干预教育特征下的贫童问题立法过程,揭示童工教育责任转移下的时代特征和意义。
Britain was the first country in the world to go into industrialization. The industrial revolution that started in the 1960s and 1970s brought about a rapid development of productivity in the United Kingdom. Early industrialization created a glorious chapter for Britain while leaving dark History and employment of child labor are one of them. The establishment of the factory system enabled the factory owner to discover the value of child labor in the production of large machines. As the employment of child labor tends to be legalized and universalized, the problem of child labor due to lack of upbringing in the harsh working environment has aroused the concern of the community and the government. This article focuses on the legislation process of child labor education from the perspective of laissez-faire to state intervention education in order to reveal the characteristics and significance of the era under the responsibility shift of child labor education.