唐宋时期因经商等原因留居中国的穆斯林“番客”被认为是中国回族的先民。宋代穆斯林番客在华贸易较前代更为兴盛,回族先民也获得更大发展。本文依据文献资料,从体制之变、民生之异及风俗之移等方面,阐述两宋时期特殊的社会经济文化环境对回族先民发展的促进作用。 Muslims living in China for business reasons during the Tang and Song dynasties were considered “foreigners” of the Hui nation in China. The trade of Muslim Taiwanese in China in Song Dynasty was more prosperous than that of the previous generation, and the ancestors of the Hui people also got more development. Based on the literature and materials, this article elaborates the special socio-economic and cultural environment in the two Song Dynasties and the promotion of the development of the Hui ancestors in terms of institutional changes, the differences between people’s livelihood and customs.