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第九章 “固体和液体”的性质本章教材由固体的性质、液体的性质以及固液相变这三部分组成。第一部分讲述晶体、非晶体和空间点阵;第二部分讲述液体的表面张力、浸润和不浸润以及毛细现象;第三部分讲述熔解和凝固。晶体和非晶体的教学,首先通过实际例子使学生认识到固体可以分成晶体和非晶体两类。然后指出,可以从外形上是否规则以及物理性质是否各向异性来判断物体是不是晶体。除了上述两点以外,还可以提一下初中讲过的晶体有一定的熔点,非晶体没有一定的熔点,使学生对晶体的特征有较全面的了解。在认识了晶体的特征之后,再引导学生认识晶体的存在
Chapter 9 Properties of “Solids and Liquids” This chapter consists of three parts: the nature of solids, the nature of liquids, and the change of solid-liquid phase. The first part deals with crystals, non-crystals and spatial lattices. The second part deals with surface tension, infiltration and non-wetting, and capillary phenomena of liquids. The third part deals with melting and solidification. The teaching of crystals and non-crystals first made students realise that solids can be classified into crystalline and amorphous. Then it is pointed out that whether the object is crystal or not can be judged from the rule of appearance and whether the physical property is anisotropic or not. In addition to the above two points, it can also be mentioned that the crystals described in junior high school have a certain melting point, and the non-crystals do not have a certain melting point, so that students have a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of crystals. After understanding the characteristics of crystals, students are guided to recognize the existence of crystals.